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■VOL.  III. 


FEBRUARY,  1882. 


The  Glory  of  God  is  Intelligence. 


No.  5. 


THE 


f 
I 


A  Monthly  Magazine  of  Home  Literature. 


REPRESENTS 


THE  YOUNG   MEN'S   AND   YOUNG   LADIES'    MUTUAL    IMPROVEMENT 
ASSOCIATIONS  OF  THE  LATTER-DAY  SAINTS. 


EDITED  AND  PUBLISHED  BY  JUNIUS  F.  WELLS. 


SAI/T    LAKE    CITY,    FTAII. 


THE     CONTRIBUTOR. 

CONTENTS    FOR   FEBRUARY,   1882. 

PAGE. 

Sermons  and  Writings  of  the  Prophet  Joseph.     V.     Redemption  and  Election • 129 

Mormon  Polygamy  and  Christian  Monogamy.     II Moses    'J hatcher 130 

Child  Training Ten 133 

Objections  to  the  Book  of  Mormon.     Ill Geo.   Reynolds 134 

Impure  Castes , Wm.  Fathering/mm 137 

The  Origin  of  Man. Rev.  Plato  Johnson 139 

Association  History.     Weber  County.     II ; E.H.Anderson 140 

Death  of  Mozart 143 

Religion  at  Home H.    W.  Naisbitt 109 

Otters St.  Nicholas 144 

The  Echo  Canon  War.     IV Vaux 146 

Formation  of  Soil •. J.  B.  Toronto 149 

Apostacy Matthias  F.  Cowley 151 

Retrospection.. Enimeline  B.    Wells 153 

Editorial:     Memorials  to  Congress 154 

In  Memoriam — Elizabeth  Ann  Whitney Louie  Wells 156 

Hindoo  Fable 158 

Association  Intelligence: 

Quarterly    Conference 159 

Answers  to  Questions 159 

Questions  to  Answer 160 


SPENCER  CLAWSON. 


WHOLESALE  DRY  GOODS. 


Hooper  &  Eldredge  Block, 

Mgg  mm  fin.  ra«i-    • 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


IN    OUR 


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THE    CONTRIBUTOR 


The  Glory  of  God  is  Intelligeiice. 


Vol.  III. 


FEBRUARY,    1882. 


No.  5. 


SERMONS  AND  WRITINGS  OF  THE  PROPHET  JOSEPH. 


REDEMPTION   AND   ELECTION. 

At  10  o'clock  a.m.,  a  large  concourse 
of  the  Saints  assembled  on  the  meeting 
ground,  and  were  addressed  by  Presi- 
dent Joseph  Smith,  who  spoke  at  con- 
siderable length. 

He  commenced  his  observations  by 
remarking,  that  the  kindness  of  our 
Heavenly  Father  called  for  our  heartfelt 
gratitude.  He  then  observed,  that  Satan 
was  generally  blamed  for  the  evils  which 
we  did,  but  if  he  was  the  cause  of  all 
our  wickedness,  men  could  not  be  con- 
demned. The  devil  cannot  compel  man- 
kind to  do  evil;  all  was  voluntary. 
Those  who  resist  the  Spirit  of  God  are 
liable  to  be  led  into  temptation,  and  then 
the  association  of  heaven  is  withdrawn 
from  those  who  refuse  to  be  made  par- 
takers of  such  great  glory.  God  would 
not  exert  any  compulsory  means,  and 
the  devil  could  not;  and  such  ideas  as 
were  entertained  by  many  were  absurd. 
The  creature  was  made  subject  to  vanity, 
not  willingly,  but  Christ  subjected  the 
same  in  hope — we  are  all  subject  to 
vanity  while  we  travel  through  the 
crooked  paths  and  difficulties  which 
surround  us.  Where  is  the  man  that  is 
free  from  vanity?  None  ever  were  per- 
fect but  Jesus;  and  why  was  he  perfect? 
Because  he  was  the  Son  of  God,  and 
had  the  fulness  of  the  Spirit,  and  greater 
power  than  any  man.  But  notwithstand- 
ing our  vanity,  we  look  forward  with 
hope  (because  "we  are  subjected  in 
hope")  to  the  time  of  our  deliverance. 

He  then  made  some  observations  on 

the  first  principles  of  the  Gospel,  observ- 

5 


ing,  that  many  of  the  Saints  who  had 
come  from  different  states  and  nations 
had  only  a  very  superficial  knowledge  of 
these  principles,  not  having  heard  them 
fully  investigated. 

He  then  briefly  stated  the  principles 
of  faith,  repentance,  and  baptism  for  the 
remission  of  sins,  which  were  believed 
by  some  of  the  righteous  societies  of  the 
day,  but  the  doctrine  of  the  laying  on  of 
hands  for  the  gift  of  the  Holy  Ghost 
was  discarded  by  them. 

The  speaker  referred  to  Hebrews, 
sixth  chapter,  first  and  second  verses; 
"Therefore  leaving  the  principles  of  the 
doctrine  of  Christ,  let  us  go  on  unto  per- 
fection; not  laying  again  the  foundation 
of  repentance  from  dead  works,  and  of 
faith  toward  God,  of  the  doctrine  of 
baptisms,  and  the  laying  on  of  hands, 
and  of  resurrection  of  the  dead,  and 
of  eternal  judgment."  That  the  doc- 
trine of  eternal  judgment  was  perfectly 
understood  by  the  Apostles,  is  evident 
from  several  passages  of  Scripture. 
Peter  preached  repentance  and  baptism 
for  the  remission  of  sins  to  the  Jews, 
who  had  been  led  to  acts  of  violence  and 
blood  by  their  leaders;  but  to  the  rulers 
he  said,  "I  would  that  through  ignorance 
ye  did  it,  as  did  also  those  ye  ruled" 
"Repent,  therefore,  and  be  converted, 
that  your  sins  may  be  blotted  out,  when 
the  times  of  refreshing  (redemption) 
shall  come  from  the  presence  of  the 
Lord,  for  He  shall  send  Jesus  Christ, 
who  before  was  preached  unto  you," 
etc.  The  time  of  redemption  here  had 
reference  to  the  time  when  Christ  should 
come;    then,  and   not  till  then,   would 


130         MORMON  POL  YGAMY  AND  CHRISTIAN  MONOGAMY. 


their  sins  be  blotted  out.  Why?  Be- 
cause they  were  murderers,  and  no  mur- 
derer hath  eternal  life.  Even  David 
must  wait  for  those  times  of  refreshing, 
before  he  can  come  forth  and  his  sins  be 
blotted  out.  For  Peter,  speaking  of  him 
says,  "David  hath  not  yet  ascended  into 
heaven,  for  his  sepulchre  is  with  us  to 
this  day."  His  remains  were  then  in 
the  tomb.  Now,  we  read  that  many  of 
the  Saints  arose  at  Christ's  resurrection, 
probably  all  the  Saints,  but  it  seems  that 
David  did  not.  Why?  Because  he  had 
been  a  murderer.  If  the  ministers  of 
religion  had  a  proper  understanding  of 
the  doctrine  of  eternal  judgment,  they 
would  not  be  found  attending  the  man 
who  had  forfeited  his  life  to  the  injured 
laws  of  his  country,  by  shedding  in- 
nocent blood;  for  such  characters 
cannot  be  forgiven,  until  they  have 
paid  the  last  farthing.  The  prayers  of 
all  the  ministers  in  the  world  could 
never  close  the  gates  of  hell  against  a 
murderer. 

He  then  spoke  on  the  subject  of  elec- 
tion, and  read  the  ninth  chapter  of  Ro- 
mans, from  which  it  was  evident  that 
the  election  there  spoken  of  was  pertain- 
ing to  the  flesh,  and  had  reference  to  the 
seed    of    Abraham,     according    to    the 


promise  of  God  to  Abraham,  saying,  "In 
thee,  and  in  thy  seed,  all  the  families  of 
the  earth  shall  be  blessed."  To  them 
belonged  the  adoption  and  the  covenants, 
etc.  Paul  said,  when  he  saw  their  un- 
belief, I  wish  myself  accursed — accord- 
ing to  the  flesh — not  according  to  the 
spirit.  Why  did  God  say  to  Pharaoh, 
"For  this  cause  have  I  raised  thee  up?" 
Because  Pharaoh  was  a  fit  instrument — 
a  wicked  man,  and  had  committed  acts 
of  cruelty  of  the  most  atrocious  nature. 
The  election  of  the  promised  seed  still 
continues,  and  in  the  last  days  they  shall 
have  the  Priesthood  restored  to  them, 
and  they  shall  be  the  "saviors  on  Mount 
Zion,"  the  ministers  of  our  God:  if  it 
were  not  for  the  remnant  which  was  left, 
then  might  we  be  as  Sodom  and  Gomor- 
rah. The  whole  of  the  chapter  had 
reference  to  the  Priesthood  and  the 
house  of  Israel;  and  unconditional  elec- 
tion of  individuals  to  eternal  life  was  not 
taught  by  the  Apostles.  God  did  elect 
or  predestinate,  that  all  those  who  would 
be  saved,  should  be  saved  in  Jesus 
Christ,  and  through  obedience  to  the 
Gospel;  but  He  passes  over  no  man's 
sins,  but  visits  them  with  correction,  and 
if  His  children  will  not  repent  of  their 
sins  He  will  discard  them. 


MORMON   POLYGAMY  AND   CHRISTIAN   MONOGAMY. 


To  show  how  well  founded  are  the 
views  so  cogently  expressed  in  the  last 
paragraph  of  the  last  number,  we  make 
the  following  extracts  from  an  eminent 
work  on  "The  Transmission  of  Life,"  by 
George  H.  Napheys,  A.  M.,M.  D.,  pub- 
lished by  H.  C.  Watts  &  Co.,  Philadel- 
phia, 1878.  This  work  is  approved  and 
endorsed  by  many  of  the  most  eminent 
medical  professors  of  our  day,  as  well  as 
by  those  of  our  noted  colleges,  universi- 
ties and  institutions  of  learning,  and  by 
prominent  clergymen  and  Christian 
advocates  of  several  Protestant  denom- 
inations. It  may,  therefore,  be  consid- 
ered a  reliable  exponent  of  matters  upon 
which  it  treats,  as  existing  among  the 


people  of  the  United  States,  who,  since 
the  passage  of  the  Congressional  act  of 
1862,  against  polygamy  in  the  territories 
of  the  Union,  may  be  considered  em- 
phatically a  nation  of  Christian  mono- 
gamists. 

With  this  explanation,  we  shall  pro- 
ceed to  point  out  some  of  the  results  of 
this  approved  monogamic  system  of  mar- 
riage, and  will  compare  them  with  those 
thus  far  developed  by  the  "Mormon" 
practice  of  polygamy,  or,  more  properly 
speaking,  the  patriarchial  system  of  mar- 
riage, as  practised  by  the  Latter-day 
Saints  in  the  Territory  of  Utah;  or,  to 
put  the  comparison  in  another  and  per- 
haps more  proper  light,  for  we  disclaim 
any  disposition    to  assume   a  basis    of 


MORMON  POLYGAMY  AND  CHRISTIAN  MONOGAMY. 


131 


unfairness,  we  will  say;  not  the  re- 
sults flowing  from  the  two  orders  of 
marriage,  but  rather  the  good  and  evil 
which  accompany  them. 

We  need  only  consult  the  writings  of 
our  best  American  authors,  who  have 
made  the  subject  of  the  so-called  "social 
evil"  a  matter  of  study,  to  learn  that  this 
fearful  scourge,  this  horrid  uncleanness, 
is  gaining  strength  and  assuming  greater 
proportions  every  year  in  our  otherwise 
great  and  happy  country.  This  startling 
truth  has  become  so  apparent  to  thought- 
ful men  of  the  nation,  that  they  unhesi-' 
tatingly  declare  that  it  is  not  only  poison- 
ing the  fountains  of  life  in  the  great  com- 
mercial centres  of  the  land ;  but  reaches, 
with  the  taint  of  disease  and  death,  the 
heretofore  quiet,  chaste  and  moral  walks 
of  villages,  hamlets  and  country  re- 
treats. With  the  power  of  steam,  and 
the  speed  of  electricity,  its  wondrous 
strides  threaten  the  very  existence  of  the 
nation.  If  any  doubt  this,  let  them  care- 
fully study  the  subject  and,  taking  the 
Bible,  or  science,  or  both  as  a  standard, 
compare  the  morality  of  the  United 
States  to-day,  both  as  to  expressions  of 
public  thought  and  actual  practices,  with 
those  of  fifty,  or  even  twenty-five  years 
ago,  and,  I  think  no  further  argument 
will  be  necessary  to  convince  all  such 
that  the  statement,  while  being  a  sad 
commentary  upon  our  Christian  nation, 
is,   nevertheless,  true. 

Congress  may  pass  proscriptive  laws  in 
the  future,  as  it  has  done  in  the  past,  to 
place  restrictions  upon  the  heaven  ap- 
proved system  of  patriarchal  marriage, 
enforcing  punishment  by  fines  and  im- 
prisonment on  those  who  obey  that  life- 
promoting  doctrine;  but  it  remains  to  be 
seen  whether  our  law-makers  will  be  will- 
ing, or  able,  to  enact  measures  even  to 
check  the  fast  increasing  current  of  a 
nation's  corruption.  We  fear  not,  be- 
lieving that  their  hearts  are  not  inclined 
toward  the  work  of  moral  and  physi- 
cal regeneration.  Our  apprehensions 
in  this  direction  arise  from  causes  well 
known,  among  which  we  need  only 
refer  to  a  few  prominent  cases  wherein 
the  nation  and  the  people  have  shown 
an  indifference  to  morality,  which  twenty- 


five  years  ago,  would  have  shocked  them 
in  every  grade  of  society  from  New 
York  on  the  Atlantic  to  San  Francisco 
on  the  Pacific;  from  British  America 
on  the  north  to  the  Gulf  and  boundary 
of  Mexico  on  the  south. 

Passing  the  unfortunate  and  sadly  dis- 
graceful affairs  in  which,  during  the  past 
few  years,  some  of  the  most  brilliant  cler- 
gymen and  ministers  of  our  nation  have, 
unhappily,  been  prominently  connected 
as  leading  actors,  in  scenes  and  acts  of 
lewdness,  which  should  make  a  heathen 
blush,  we  will  but  refer  to  similar  affairs 
in  the  field  of  politics;  in  which  parties 
of  the  highest  political  consequence  were 
interested.  Ask  how  far  these  disgrace- 
ful matters  affect  the  social  or  political 
standing  of  such  persons  and  what 
would  the  answer  be?  Should  every 
charge  made  against  these  brilliant  char- 
acters be  fully  substantiated,  would  that, 
in  the  present  apathetic  condition  of  our 
nation,  as  to  morality,  dim  their  great- 
ness, or  in  any  way  retard  the  strides 
made  by  certain  ones  toward  the  most 
distinguished  places  and  positions  in  the 
gift  of  the  government?  On  the  contrary, 
these  affairs  have  increased  rather  than 
diminished  the  popularity  of  the  parties 
concerned  among  the  people.  In  view 
of  the  practices  of  prominent  law-makers 
who,  it  is  well  known,  keep  domestic 
establishments  at  the  seat  of  government 
during  congressional  sessions  while  their 
wives  are  at  home,  we  may  well  ask 
why  should  adultery  or  any  other  im- 
moral act  tarnish  the  character  or  cloud 
the  prospects  of  one  or  more  particular 
special  lights  of  the  great  political  par- 
ties? It  would  be  invidious.  Should 
the  good,  slow  going,  Christian  people  of 
the  nation  consider  any  act  of  a  public 
official  servant  too  flagrantly  immoral  to 
be  covered  by  the  veil  of  religious  hy- 
pocrisy, all  that  need  be  done  to  distract 
attention  is  to  unite  the  clerical,  Phari- 
saical element  of  the  country  to  cry  out 
against  the  "abominable"  practices  of  the 
"Mormons"  in  far  distant  Utah;  who, 
instead  of  prostituting  the  daughters  ot 
God,  marry  them;  and,  instead  of  bas- 
tardizing and  permitting  their  children  to 
be  destroyed,  care  for,  protect  and  ed- 


132 


MORMON  POLYGAMY  AND  CHRISTIAN  MONOGAMY. 


ucate  them;  which,  of  course,  being  just, 
and  approved  of  by  the  Almighty,  is 
called  a  "national  dishonor." 

This  brings  to  mind  an  instance  where 
a  religious  sect  employed,  at  a  good, 
round  salary,  a  new  minister,  the  old  one 
having  continued  to  cry  out  against  in- 
iquity in  his  fold,  as  was  his  habit  in 
youth,  and,  being  considered,  therefore, 
behind  the  spirit  of  the  age,  was  dis- 
charged, the  congregation  feeling  that 
when  they  paid  for  preaching,  they 
should  have  such  as  suited  them.  So, 
when  the  new  minister  came,  he  was  met 
at  the  vestry  door,  just  before  the  com- 
mencement of  the  services,  by  a  couple 
of  the  prominent  members  of  the  reli- 
gious society;  the  first,  with  a  pleasant 
smile  and  cheerful  greeting,  requested 
him  not  to  preach  about  the  evils  arising 
from  the  use  of  intoxicating  drinks,  nor 
yet  to  condemn  their  sale:  "for,"  said 
he,  "Mr.  Brown  is  prominently  engaged 
in  that  business  and  is  a  very  respecta- 
ble member  of  our  society,  and  is  really 
more  than  ordinarily  generous,  having, 
since  we  employed  you,  given  the  church 
five  hundred  dollars."  The  other  mod- 
estly requested  that  nothing  be  said 
about  prostitution,  or  houses  of  assig- 
nation, as  Mr.  Smith,  a  very  prominent 
church  member,  owned  a  block  of  build- 
ings, some  of  the  houses  of  which  were 
leased  profitably  to  characters  that  were 
not  irreproachable,  but  Mr.  Smith  him- 
self is,  nevertheless,  an  excellent  Chris- 
tian; last  year  he  gave  three  hundred  dol- 
lars to  help  our  cause  in  Mexico  and  two 
hundred  dollars  for  Africa,  and,  since 
our  former  minister  left  us,  he  has  do- 
nated to  the  church  one  thousand  dollars 
in  cash.  "Well."  replied  the  new  em- 
ploye, "if  I  dare  not  mention  the  iniqui- 
ties and  sins  existing  among  the  people, 
what  can  I  preach  about?"  "Oh,  that's 
easy;  go  after  the  "Mormons"  red  hot; 
they  have  no  friends."  With  a  sigh  of 
relief  the  services  were  opened  and  con- 
ducted satisfactorily  to  all — the  minister 
understanding  very  clearly  that  he  was 
"preaching  for  hire  and  divining  for 
money,"  while  the  officials  of  the  Chris- 
tian society  were  greatly  pleased  in  se- 
curing the  services  of  a  teacher  to  "tickle 


the  itching  ears  of  the  people,"  who,  in 
turn,  were  delighted  with  the  harmony 
secured. 

Having  thus  briefly  alluded  to  public 
men  and  public  affairs,  we  now  submit 
for  the  careful  consideration  of  the 
reader,  the  following  extracts  from  the 
celebrated  work  of  Dr.  Napheys.  Speak- 
ing of  secret  diseases  and  their  fre- 
qency  and  effects,  he  says:  "A  masked 
pestilence,  a  subtle  infection  is  stealing 
upon  the  health  of  the  nation,  poisoning 
its  blood  and  shortening  its  life,  spread- 
ing from  husband  to  wife,  from  parent  to 
offspring,  from  nurse  to  infant,  working 
slowly,  but  with  a  fatal  and  an  inexorable 
certainty.  This  pestilence  is  the  spe- 
cific contagion  of  disease,  which  arises 
from  impure  intercourse.  Were  this  its 
only  source,  and  did  it  stay  its  ravages 
with  the  guilty  parties,  we  might  say  it  is 
a  just  penalty,  and  calls  for  little  sym- 
pathy. But  this  is  not  so.  By  the  in- 
scrutable law  of  God,  which  decrees  that 
the  sins  of  the  father  shall  be  vis- 
ited on  the  children,  even  unto  the  third 
and  fourth  generations,  these  diseases 
work  attainder  of  blood,  become  heredi- 
tary and  blight  the  offspring."  *  * 
"Not  a  single  physician  of  experience 
who  has  not  witnessed  wife  and  children 
poisoned  by  the  husband's  infidelity." 
Here  again  we  fear  we  shall  be  called 
alarmists,  and  severely  criticized  for  ex- 
citing unnecessary  apprehension.  We 
care  not.  This  is  no  imaginary  evil  we 
combat,  nor  is  it  any  paltry  or  insignifi- 
cant one.  We  do  but  repeat  with  mod- 
erated emphasis,  what  others  have  al- 
ready said.  We  have  before  us  a  work 
which  is  anything  but  sensational,  and 
which  was  written  by  men  who  stand 
second  to  none  in  our  land  for  profes- 
sional and  personal  character.  It  is  the 
Fifth  Annual  Report  of  the  Board  of 
State  Charities  of  Massachusetts  (1868). 
The  Board,  speaking  of  that  hideous 
disease  which  must  have  come  from  the 
most  venomous  fang  of  the  serpent  which 
bit  the  heel  of  mankind,  and  they  go  on 
to  say: 

"Woe  to  the  bodily  tabernacle  in  which 
it  enters;  for  it  is  one  of  those  evil  spir- 
its which   not  even  prayer  and   fasting 


CHILD   TRAINING. 


133 


can  cast  out.  With  slow,  painless,  in- 
sidious, resistless  march,  it  penetrates 
into  the  very  marrow  of  the  bones  and 
poisons  the  fountains  of  life  beyond  pur- 
ification. All  may  look  fair  without 
and  feel  fair  within,  but  the  taint  is  there 
and  it  affects  the  offspring.  The  effects 
of  the  disorder  in  corrupting  the  human 
stock  and  predisposing  offspring  to  dis- 
ease are  more  deadly  than  is  usually  be- 
lieved. They  are  hardly  exceeded  by 
the  effects  of  alcohol.  Nature  readily 
forgives  unto  men  other  sins  and  blas- 
phemies, wherewithsoever  they  may 
blaspheme,  but  the  one,  like  him  that 
blasphemeth  against  the  Holy  Spirit, 
hath  never  forgiveness,  but  is  in  danger 
of  eternal  damnation,  for  he  hath  an  un- 
clean spirit," 

"And  this  is  said,  be  it  remembered, 
in  a  public  document  for  general  distri- 
bution. Can  we  then  be  blamed  if  we 
remove,  without  compunction,  the  veil 
which  hides  the  hideous  features  of  the 
malady?"  *  *  »  "We  would 
gladly  add,  to  counterbalance  what  we 
have  to  say  on  this  point,  that  such  mal- 
adies are  rare.  But  who  would  believe 
it?  Is  it  not  notorious  that  there  is  no 
hamlet  so  remote,  no  frontier  settlement 
so  isolated  that  it  is  free  of  this  scourge? 
In  the  great  cities  it  is  fearfully  preva- 
lent. Including  both  sexes  and  all  grades 
of  society,  we  do  not  doubt  that  more 
than  twenty-five  per  cent,  of  their  whole 
population  is  more  or  less  tainted  with 
it,  and  the  greater  number  innocently. 
Nor  is  it  at  all  confined  to  the  indigent 
and  degraded.  Its  hold  is  just  as  firm, 
though  concealed  and  held  in  check,  in 
the  fashionable  clubs  and  stately  man- 
sions of  the  opulent,  as  in  the  alleys  and 
back  slums  of  the  dregs  of  our  popula- 
tion. No  man,  no  woman,  we  care  not 
what  his  position  or  his  life  may  be,  is 
secure  from  its  loathsome  touch." 

Moses  Thatcher. 


CHILD    TRAINING. 

Education  is  the  development  of  the 

physical,  mental  and  spiritual  nature  of  a 

child;  its  object  is  to  give  the  body  and 

spirit  all  the  perfections  of  which  they 


are  susceptible.  During  earliest  infancy 
we  know  only  of  the  physical  nature,  we 
have  but  little  evidence  of  the  spiritual 
or  mental  life  of  the  child  until  its 
strength  and  growth  awakens  the  senses 
and  by  their  use  evinces  its  intellectual 
powers. 

The  dawning  of  these  powers,  in  the 
very  morning  of  life,  is  usually  dis- 
cerned in  the  affectionate  nature  of  the 
little  one,  as  in  its  love  for  its  mother  or 
others,  who  are  kind  and  gentle  in  their 
attentions  to  it.  Nothing  appeals  to  the 
responsive  nature  of  a  true  woman  like 
the  love  prattle  of  a  little  child.  It  is 
the  first  evidence  of  that  which  is  highest 
in  its  nature,  and  is  called  spiritual. 

Begin  to  educate  a  child  by  developing 
its  senses.  Too  many  having  children 
in  their  care  never  think  of  this;  they 
believe  they  do  their  duty  in  teaching  them 
to  discern  letters.  See  that  your  first 
efforts  are  directed  to  the  growth  and 
cultivation  of  the  senses.  Let  your  child 
learn  to  see  aright  and  all  there  is  to  be 
seen  in  a  given  direction,  to  hear  aright 
and  all  that  it  should  hear,  to  taste,  to 
smell  and  to  feel  as  though  there  were 
pleasure  and  satisfaction  in  the  exercise 
of  these  faculties.  Impressions  thus 
made  will  be  indellible,  and  if  correct, 
form  the  foundations  of  a  happy  and 
useful  life.  They  should  be  so  thorough  as 
to  be  a  guide  and  help  to  your  child  in 
thought  and  action  all  his  life,  giving  him 
a  consciousness  of  power  to  appreciate 
all  he  comes  in  contact  with,  and  to  view 
things  in  their  proper  light,  valuing  them, 
for  what  they  are  worth. 

These  impressions  should  be  given 
slowly — indeed  they  can  be  made  thor- 
ough no  other  way — and  in  accordance 
with  the  laws  of  nature,  producing  a 
growth  from  within  of  those  germs  of  per- 
fection, which  God  has  implanted  there, 
and  which  testify  stronger  than  the 
creeds  of  men  of  our  divine  parentage. 

Mental  growth  —  Intelligence  exists, 
existing  it  must  exert  itself,  exerting 
itself  it  must  grow  strong,  strengthening 
it  must  unfold,  unfolding  it  imitates, 
represents,  creates,  creating  it  reaches 
consciousness.  The  starting  point  and 
the  end  is  action.     Play  is  the  rightful 


134 


OBJECTIONS  TO  THE  BOOK  OF  MORMON. 


work  of  the  child,  and  it  should  be  so 
directed  that  while  it  seems  only  pleasure 
to  the  child,  from  the  teacher's  stand- 
point, it  has  a  direct  educational  object: 
being  to  give  the  child  employment  in 
harmony  with  his  whole  nature;  to 
strengthen  his  body;  to  exercise  his 
senses  and  to  provide  food  for  the  growth 
of  his  mind;  and  to  guide  aright  the 
heart  and  affections.  The  school  should 
be  a  place  of  loveliness  and  activity. 
The  individuality  of  the  child  should  be 
held  sacred,  and  freedom  given  to  it  that 


will  reveal  its  powers  and  impulses, 
which  must  be  guided  or  restrained  by 
the  love  and  experience  of  the  teacher. 

Ten. 


The  Feegeeans  suppose  the  road  to 
heaven  too  difficult  for  the  infirm  or 
diseased;  therefore  they  strangle  their 
old  people,  who,  after  cheerfully  walking 
in  their  own  funeral  processions,  submit 
to  the  operation  with  the  utmost  compos- 
ure. 


OBJECTIONS    TO   THE   BOOK   OF   MORMON. 


in. 

Objection:  "The  Book  of  Mormon 
disagrees  with  the  Bible ;  for  in  the  Book 
of  Alma  it  is  stated,  And  behold,  he 
(Jesus)  shall  be  born  of  Mary  at  Jeru- 
salem. " 

This  quotation  is  a  dishonest  one,  from 
the  fact  that  it  only  gives  a  portion  of  the 
text,  and  ends  in  the  middle  of  a  sen- 
tence. It  is  like  a  certain  man's  argu- 
ment, who  affirmed  that  he  could  prove 
from  the  Bible  that  there  was  no  God; 
and  to  substantiate  his  assertion,  quoted 
a  portion  of  the  opening  sentence  of  the 
fourteenth  psalm,  "There  is  no  God." 
But  the  sentence  in  its  completeness 
reads,  "  The  fool  hath  said  in  his  heart, 
there  is  no  God,"  which  entirely  changes 
the  sentiment  and  meaning  of  the  pas- 
sage. So  this  quotation  from  the  Book 
of  Alma,  is  greatly  changed  when  the 
context  is  read.  It  is  as  follows;  "  And 
behold,  he  shall  be  born  of  Mary  at  Jeru- 
salem, which  is  the  land  of  our  fore- 
fathers." Showing  that  it  is  the  country, 
not  the  city,  that  is  referred  to. 

If  this  statement  be  an  error,  or  Joseph 
Smith  were  an  impostor,  of  all  mistakes 
this  is  one  of  the  most  unlikely  that  he 
would  make ;  for  if  there  was  any  book 
that  he  was  acquainted  with,  that  book 
was  the  New  Testament;  and  if  he  knew 
anyone  thing  of  Christ's  history,  he  cer- 
tainly knew  that  the  Savior  was  not  born 
In  the  city  of  Jerusalem.  And  even  if 
there  had  been  a  conspiracy  between 
him  and  his  scribes,  how  utterly  ridicu- 


lous is  it  to  think  that  Martin  Harris,  who 
knew  the  Bible  from  Genesis  to  Revela- 
tions, or  Oliver  Cowdery,  who  was  a 
schoolmaster,  would  have  permitted  him 
to  make  such  an  egregious  blunder;  one 
that  everybody  would  detect.  But  there 
is  no  error.  He  simply  translated  after 
the  manner  of  the  speech  of  the  Ne- 
phites.  They  did  not  know  the  land 
from  whence  their  fathers  came  by  the 
same  name  as  we  moderns  do;  it  was 
not  "Palestine,"  "  Judea,"  nor  "the  Holy 
Land"  to  them;  they  called  it  "The  land 
of  Jerusalem;"  and  in  that  land  Christ 
was  most  assuredly  born.  In  this  pas- 
sage there  is  no  ambiguity,  it  is  the  land, 
as  is  specifically  stated,  not  the  city  that 
is  spoken  of:  "He  shall  be  born  of  Mary 
at  Jerusalem,  which  is  the  land  of  our 
forefathers." 

It  was  the  almost  universal  custom 
among  the  Nephites  to  call  any  desig- 
nated region  of  country  by  the  same 
name  as  its  largest  or  chief  city.  In  this 
way  we  find  mentioned  in  the  Book  of 
Mormon  both  the  lands  and  cities  of 
Ammonihah,  Bountiful,  Desolation,  He- 
lam,  Lehi,  Manti,  Morianton,  Moroni, 
Mulek,  Nehor,  Nephi,  Nephihah,  Noah, 
Shem,  Shilom,  Zarahemla,  etc. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  lands  and 
cities  of  the  Nephites  generally  bore  the 
name  of  some  distinguished  person 
known  in  their  history,  and  were  not 
fancy  or  whimsical  names  as  are  so  many 
given  to  cities  and  places  now-a-days. 
This  arose  from  a  well  understood  cus- 


OBJECTIONS  TO  THE  BOOK  OF  MORMON. 


135 


torn  prevalent  among  that  people,  which 
is  thus  explained  in  the  Book  of  Alma: 

"Now,  it  was  the  custom  of  the  people 
of  Nephi  to  call  their  lands,  and  their 
cities,  and  their  villages,  yea,  even  their 
small  villages,  after  the  name  of  him 
who  first  possessed  them;  and  thus  it 
was  with  the  land  of  Ammonihah." 
— Alma,  viii,  7. 

To  prove  beyond  all  dispute  that  the 
land  of  Israel's  inheritance  on  the  Asiatic 
continent  was  called  by  the  ancient  in- 
habitants of  America  the  "Land  of  Jeru- 
salem" we  will  quote  from  other  passages 
in  the  Book  of  Mormon: 

"Now  when  Amnion  and  his  brethren 
separated  themselves  in  the  borders  of 
the  land  of  the  Lamanites,  behold  Aaron 
took  his  journey  towards  the  land  which 
was  called  by  the  Lamanites.  Jerusalem; 
calling  it  after  the  land  of  their  father's 
nativity;  and  it  was  away  joining  the  bor- 
ders of  Mormon." — Alma  xxi,  1. 

"And  now  it  came  to  pass  after  I, 
Nephi,  had  made  an  end  of  teaching  my 
brethren,  our  father,  Lehi,  also  spake 
many  things  unto  them,  how  great  things 
the  Lord  had  done  for  them,  in  bringing 
them  out  of  the  land  of  Jerusalem.  And 
he  spake  unto  them,  concerning  their 
rebellions  upon  the  waters,  and  the 
mercies  of  God  in  sparing  their  lives, 
that  they  were  not  swallowed  up  in  the 
sea.  And  he  also  spake  unto  them,  con- 
cerning the  land  of  promise,  which  they 
had  obtained:  how  merciful  the  Lord  had 
been  in  warning  us  that  we  should  flee 
out  of  the  land  of  Jerusalem." — 2  Nephi; 

h  1—3- 

"Wherefore,  thus  saith  the  Lord,  I  have 
led  this  people  forth  out  of  the  land  of 
Jerusalem,  by  the  power  of  mine  arm, 
that  I  might  raise  up  unto  me  a  righteous 
branch  from  the  fruit  of  the  loins  of 
Joseph." — Jacob  ii,  25. 

In  fact  the  expression  the  "Land  of 
Jerusalem,"  when  Canaan  is  meant,  is 
used  more  than  thirty  times  in  the  Book 
of  Mormon;  the  Savior  himself  in  his 
ministrations  among  the  Nephites  using 
this  phraseology  to  accomodate  himself 
to  the  understandings  of  that  people. 
He  says:  "I  will  remember  the  covenant 
■which  I    have    made    with   my    people 


*  *  *  that  I  would  give  unto 
them  again  the  land  of  their  fathers  for 
their  inheritance,  which  is  the  land  of 
Jerusalem,  which  is  the  promised  land 
unto  them  for  ever,  saith  the  Father." 
3  Nephi  xx,  29.  And  a  little  farther  on 
He  adds:  "Then  will  the  Father  gather 
them  together  again,  and  give  unto  them 
Jerusalem  for  the  land  of  their  inheri- 
tance.—3,  Nephi,  xx,  33. 

Objection:  "In  the  second  book  of 
Nephi  it  is  said:  'Wherefore,  when 
thou  hast  read  the  words  which  I  have 
commanded  thee,  and  obtained  the  wit- 
nesses which  I  have  promised  thee,  then 
shalt  thou  seal  up  the  book  again,  and 
hide  it  up  unto  me.'  [2  Nephi  xxvii,  22.] 
We  learn  that  when  Moroni  hid  up  the 
plates,  he  buried  them  in  the  ground  in 
a  box;  so  we  must  look  for  Joseph  to 
hide  them  in  a  similar  manner;  but  did 
he  doit?  No;  for  his  Apostle,  Taylor, 
says:  'Concerning  the  plates,  Joseph  had 
them  in  his  possession  some  time, 
*  when  he  got  through 
translating,  they  were  delivered  again 
to  the  angel.'  So  he  did  not  hide  up  the 
plates,  as  stated  in  the  Book  of  Mor- 
mon, but  gave  them  to  the  angel;  and 
here  is  a  disagreement  of  testimony. 
Really,  if  the  angel  was  so  willing  to 
take  charge  of  the  plates  after  Joseph 
had  got  through  with  them,  why  did 
not  Moroni  give  them  into  the  hands 
of  an  angel  instead  of  hiding  them  in 
the  ground?" 

The  "disagreement  in  testimony"  sug- 
gested by  the  objector,  is  simply  imagi- 
nary. He  is  straining  at  a  gnat.  Joseph 
Smith  both  hid  up  the  plates  unto  the 
Lord  when  the  work  of  translation  was 
finished  and  also  delivered  them  unto 
the  angel.  That  they  are  hidden  must 
be  at  once  acknowledged,  for  no  mortal 
creature  outside  the  Holy  Priesthood, 
knows  where  to  find  them.  So  effectually 
are  they  hidden  unto  God  (not  from 
God)  that  the  whole  world,  almost 
without  exception,  assert,  that  they 
never  had  an  existence,  and  that  the 
statements  of  the  Prophet  regarding 
their  translation  are  false.  The  writer  of 
the  above  objection  asserts  that  when 
they  were  hidden  up  again  it  should  be 


136 


OBJECTIONS  TO  THE  BOOK  OF  MORMON. 


"in  the  ground."  We  reply,  that  is  where 
they  were  hidden;  and  that  when  they 
were  so  hidden  the  angel  Moroni  was 
present  and  received  them  into  his  care. 
It  was  that  angel  who  gave  them  into  the 
charge  of  Joseph  Smith  when  they  were 
taken  out  of  the  hill  Cumorah,  and  when 
Joseph  had  performed  the  work  of  trans- 
lation, assigned  to  him,  he  again  de- 
posited them  in  the  place  designated  by 
the  Heavenly  Powers,  and  the  angel 
Moroni  again  assumed  ward  and  watch 
over  them. 

The  question  asked,  "Why  did  not 
Moroni  give  them  into  the  hands  of  an 
angel  instead  of  hiding  them  in  the 
ground?"  is  easily  answered.  In  the 
first  place,  the  later  Nephite  prophets 
were  commanded  by  God  to  hide  them 
in  the  ground;  in  the  second  place  Mo- 
roni was  himself  the  angel  who  took 
charge  of  them.  He  had  charge  of  them, 
as  a  prophet  of  the  Most  High,  when  he 
dwelt  in  mortality,  he  has  charge  of 
them  as  an  angel  now  that  he  is  resur- 
rected. We  have  no  record  that  he  ever 
gave  them  permanently  into  the  hands  of 
any  other  being;  and  even  during  the 
time  that  Joseph  was  translating  them  he 
occasionally  received  them  back  into  his 
charge,  when  persecution  or  other  cir- 
cumstances rendered  it  undesirable  that 
Joseph  should  retain  them. 

With  regard  to  the  fact  that  the  pro- 
phets who  lived  during  the  closing  years 
of  the  Nephite  nation  were  commanded 
to  hide  up  the  records,  we  subjoin  two 
extracts  from  the  Book  of  Mormon  to 
prove  the  truth  of  our  assertion: 

"And  it  came  to  pass  that  after  three 
hundred  and  five  years  had  passed  away, 
(and  the  people  did  still  remain  in  wick- 
edness,) Amos  died,  and  his  brother  Am- 
maron,  did  keep  the  record  in  his  stead. 
And  it  came  to  pass  that  when  three  hun- 
dred and  twenty  years  had  passed  away, 
Ammaron  being  constrained  by  the  Holy 
Ghost,  did  hide  up  the  records  which 
were  sacred;  yea,  even  all  the  sacred  re- 
cords which  had  been  handed  down  from 
generation  to  generation,  which  were  sa- 
cred even  until  the  three  hundred  and 
twentieth  year  from  the  coming  of  Christ. 
And  he  did  hide  them  up  unto  the  Lord, 


that  they  might  come  again  unto  the 
remnant  of  the  house  of  Jacob,  accord- 
ing to  the  prophecies  and  the  promises 
of  the  Lord.  And  thus  is  the  end  of  the 
record  of  Ammaron." — 4  Nephi,   i,  47 — 

49- 

"And  it  came  to  pass  that  when  we  had 
gathered  in  all  our  people  in  one  to  the 
land  of  Cumorah,  behold  I,  Mormon, 
began  to  be  old;  and  knowing  it  to  be 
the  last  struggle  of  my  people,  and  hav- 
ing been  commanded  of  the  Lord  that  I 
should  not  suffer  that  the  records,  which 
had  been  handed  down  by  our  fathers, 
which  were  sacred,  to  fall  into'the  hands 
of  the  Lamanites,  (for  the  Lamanites 
would  destroy  them,)  therefore  I  made 
this  record  out  of  the  plates  of  Nephi, 
and  hid  up,  in  the  hill  Cumorah,  all  the 
records  which  had  been  entrusted  to  me 
by  the  hand  of  the  Lord,  save  it  were 
these  few  plates  which  I  gave  unto  my 
son  Moroni." — Mormon,  vi,  6. 

The  above  objector  further  asserts, 
"that  the  angel  did  not  hide  them  is  inti- 
mated in  the  claim  that  he  came  down 
from  heaven  and  showed  the  plates  to 
the  three  witnesses,  another  proof  that 
Joseph  did  not  hide  them."  This  is 
folly  in  the  extreme.  When  the  plates 
were  shown  to  the  three  witnesses  they 
were  not  then  hid.  The  passage  in  the 
Book  of  Nephi  which  the  objector 
quotes  as  the  basis  of  his  arguments^ 
directly  and  unmistakably  shows  that  the 
plates  were  not  to  be  hidden  up  by 
Joseph  until  after  the  three  witnesses 
had  seen  them.  The  words  are,  "where- 
fore when  thou  hast  read  the  words 
which  I  have  commanded  thee,  and  ob- 
tained the  witnesses  which  I  have  prom- 
ised unto  thee,  then  shaft  thou  seal  up 
the  book  again  and  hide  it  up  unto  me." 
The  point,  that  because  the  angel  came 
down  from  heaven,  therefore  the  plates 
must  necessarily  have  been  with  him  in 
heaven,  (which  we  suppose  is  the  idea 
that  the  writer  wishes  to  convey,)  is  not 
well  taken.  It  is  not  a  necessary  se- 
quence that  because  the  angel  came  down 
from  heaven  and  showed  the  witnesses 
the  plates,  therefore  they  must  have  been 
in  heaven  also;  they  may  have  been  on 
earth.      The    angel    came    down    from 


IMPURE   CASTES. 


137 


heaven  when  he  first  showed  them  to 
Joseph  at  the  time  that  they  were  safely 
hidden  in  the  stone  chest  in  the  hill 
Cumorah.  They  belong  to  the  earth, 
and  this  earth  is  their  place. 

The  following  extract  from  a  sermon 
delivered  by  President  Brigham  Young 
at  Farmington,  June  17,  1877,  will  show 
where  the  plates  were  deposited. 

"I  tell  these  things  to  you,  and  I  have 
a  motive  for  doing  so.  I  want  to  carry 
them  to  the  ears  of  my  brethren  and 
sisters  and  to  the  children  also,  that 
they  may  grow  to  an  understanding  of 
some  things  that  seem  to  be  entirely 
hidden  from  the  human  family.  Oliver 
Cowdery  went  with  the  Prophet  Joseph 
when  he  deposited  these  plates,  Joseph 
did  not  translate  all  the  plates ;  there 
was  a  portion  of  them  sealed,  which  you 
can  learn  from  the  Book  of  Doctrine 
and  Covenants.  When  Joseph  got  the 
plates,  the  angel  instructed  him  to  carry 
them  back  to  the  hill  Cumorah,  which 
he  did.  Oliver  says  that  when  Joseph 
and  Oliver  went  there,  the  hill  opened, 
and  they  walked  into  a  cave,  in  which 
was  a  large  and  spacious  room.  He 
says  he  did  not  think  at  the  time  whether 
they  had  the  light  of  the  sun  or  artificial 
light;  but  that  it  was  just  as  light  as  day. 
They  laid  the  plates  on  a  table;  it  was 


a  large  table  that  stood  in  the  room. 
Under  this  table  there  was  a  pile  of 
plates  as  much  as  two  feet  high,  and 
there  were  altogether  in  this  room  more 
plates  than,  probably,  many  wagon  loads ; 
they  were  piled  up  in  the  corners  and 
along  the  walls.  The  first  time  they  went 
there,  the  sword  of  Laban  hung  upon  the 
wall,  but  when  they  went  again  it  had 
been  taken  down  and  laid  upon  the 
table  across  the  gold  plates;  it  was  un- 
sheathed, and  on  it  was  written  these 
words:  'This  sword  will  never  be 
sheathed  again  until  the  kingdoms  of  this 
world  become  the  kingdoms  of  our  God 
and  his  Christ.'  I  tell  you  this  as  coming 
not  only  from  Oliver  Cqwdery,  but 
others  who  were  familiar  with  it  and 
who  understood  it  just  as  well  as  we 
understand  coming  to  this  meeting." 

Geo.  Reynolds. 


The  Mohawks  believed  that  a  terrible 
misfortune  would  befall  anyone  who  spoke 
while  crossing  Saratoga  Lake.  An  Eng- 
lish lady  did  so  purposely,  and  after 
passing  in  safety,  rallied  her  Indian 
boatman  on  his  fears.  His  reply  was 
prompt: 

"Oh,"  he  said,  "the  Great  Spirit  was 
merciful,  and  knew  that  a  white  woman 
couldn't  hold  her  tongue." 


IMPURE    CASTES. 


In  the  classification  of  the  Indian  peo- 
ple, the  Kshatrya,  or  soldier  is  next  to 
the  Brahman  in  rank.  His  profession  is 
to  bear  arms,  and  he  is  mantained  from  a 
tax,  levied  for  the  support  of  the  govern- 
ment. A  fourth  part  of  the  people  were 
of  this  caste,  who  composed  the  military 
force  of  ancient  India.  This  continual 
state  of  things,  imposed  a  heavy  tax 
upon  the  people,  having  to  support  one 
fourth  of  the  able  bodied  population  as 
soldiers, which  was  their  calling  from  year 
to  year  and  from  generation  to  genera- 
tion. "By  a  king,"  says  Menu,  "whose 
forces  are  always  ready  for  action,  the 
whole  world  may  be  kept  in  awe,  let 
him  then,  by  a  force  always  ready,  make 


all  creatures  living  his  own."  The  kings 
of  India  had  two  great  engines  of 
power  placed  in  their  hands;  they  were 
masters  of  the  army,  and  the  public 
revenues  were  at  their  command.  The 
Kshatryas  having  no  other  calling,  but 
that  of  soldiers,  one  would  naturally 
suppose,  from  their  long  experience, 
that  they  were  military  heroes,  having  ac- 
quired a  formidable  and  warlike  charac- 
ter. However,  history  informs  us  that 
India  succumbed  to  every  invader,  and 
the  military  art  of  the  Hindoo  was  next 
to  nothing.  Their  infantry  consisted  of 
a  multitude  of  people  massed  together, 
without  regard  to  rank  or  file. 
The    third    caste    among    the    Hin- 


138 


IMPURE   CASTES. 


doos  are  called  Vaisyas:  they  sprang 
from  the  thigh  of  Brahma  and  are  the 
mercantile  class.  They  are  men  of  cute 
business  principles.  They  are  stock 
raisers;  they  cultivate  the  soil,  and  carry 
on  all  kinds  of  trade,  are  shrewd  money 
lenders,  and  have  a  fair,  practical  knowl- 
edge of  almost  every  branch  of  trade 
known  in  India.  They  rank  above  the 
Sudras,  and  receive  from  them  the  same 
respect  and  homage  that  is  extended  to 
the  military  class  by  the  Vaisyas. 

The  Sudras,  or  servile  class,  came 
from  the  foot  of  Brahma,  their  busi- 
ness is  to  serve  the  three  superior  classes, 
and  at  the  same  time  are  despised  by 
them.  "Let  not  a  Brahman,"  says  the 
law  of  Menu,  "give  advice  to  a  Sudra, 
nor  what  remains  from  his  table,  nor 
clarified  butter,  of  which  part  has  been 
offered,  nor  let  him  give  spiritual  counsel 
to  such  a  man,  nor  inform  him  of  the 
legal  expiation  for  his  sins ;  surely  he 
who  declares  the  law  to  a  servile  man,and 
he  who  instructs  him  in  the  mode  of  ex- 
piating sin,  sinks  with  that  very  man 
into  the  hell  named  Asamvrita."  In 
pinching  times  of  want  and  stagnation, 
when  the  Brahman  is  pressed  to  obtain  a 
subsistance  in  his  braminical  calling,  to 
obtain  a  livelihood,  he  can  assume  the 
role  of  a  Kshatrya,  or  a  Vaisya,,  but  not 
of  a  Sudra.  The  military  class,  have 
the  right,  when  in  straitened  circum- 
stances, to  encroach  upon  the  occupa- 
tion of  the  Vaisyas  and  Sudras  to  obtain 
a  living,  while  the  Vaisya  can  only  have 
resource  by  adopting  the  profession  of  the 
servile  class,  when  his  own  occupation 
is  invaded  by  the  competition  of  the 
classes  above  him.  The  poor  Sudra 
has  every  door  closed  against  him,  his 
channel  of  subsistance  being  cut  off  by 
the  classes  above  him.  However,  he  is 
at  liberty  to  emigrate  to  other  countries, 
a  privilege  denied  the  other  classes. 

According  to  the  ancient  jurisprudence 
of  Hindoostan,  if  a  man  of  superior 
caste  accuses  one  of  an  inferior  class, 
and  fails  to  substantiate  his  allegations, 
he  is  lightly  reprimanded;  but  if  one  of 
the  lower  castes  should  complain  against 
one  of  the  higher  classes  and  is  unable 
to  sustain  his  charge,  he  is  severely  pun- 


ished. The  punishment  is  graded,  and 
is  administered  proportionately  to  the 
order  of  the  caste.  The  punishment  of 
a  Brahman,  generally  is  very  slight,  that 
of  the  military  class  more  severe.  If 
the  offender  be  of  the  Vaisya  caste,  his 
punishment  is  cruel,  but  if  one  of  the 
servile  classes  is  the  transgressor,  the 
chastisement  inflicted  is  barbarous.  A 
Brahman  for  defaming  the  character  of  a 
man  of  the  same  caste,  is  fined  twelve 
janas.  If  the  defamer  belongs  to  the 
military  class  his  fine  is  one  hundred 
janas,  a  merchant  two  hundred,  a  Sudra 
is  whipped. 

Notwithstanding  the  strict  guards 
thrown  around  the  castes  to  prevent 
them  marrying  others  than  of  their  own 
class  or  profession,  irregularities  crept 
in,  and  children  were  born  through  a 
union  strictly  forbidden.  This  departure 
from  established  usages,  according  to 
the  Hindoo  law,  introduced  an  impure 
blood,  denominated  Burren  S  tinker,  that 
were  viewed  by  the  established  classes 
as  outcasts,  being  without  caste,  and 
consequently  no  occupation.  This  new 
mixture  from  themselves,  filled  the  coun- 
try with  disorder;  not  being  classified 
they  had  to  live  on  the  charities  of  the 
other  classes,  or  prey  upon  them  for 
their  subsistance. 

This  condition  of  things  was  inaugu- 
rated by  a  corrupt  monarch,  who  lent  his 
influence  to  outrage  the  law,  by  encourag- 
ing the  promiscuous  mixture  of  the  castes. 
The  Brahmans  slew  this  corrupt  king, 
and  by  the  assistance  of  a  supernatural 
power  created  a  successor,  who  was 
good  and  wise.  He  proved  competent  to 
grapple  with  the  evil  that  was  cankering 
the  empire,  and  introduced  a  remedy  by 
classifying  the  Burren  Sunker,  and  giv- 
ing them  trades.  According  to  Hindoo 
books  this  was  the  beginning  of  arts 
and  manufactures  in  India,  hence  the 
labors  of  this  impure  class  were  utilized 
for  the  benefit  of  the  whole. 

The  Burren  Sunker  were  organized 
into  thirty-six  different  classes,  such  as 
weavers,  tailors,  cooks,  carpenters,  black- 
smiths, incorporating  all  kinds  of  arti- 
zans,  and  handicrafts.  The  highest 
status  of  this  union  was  the  offspring  of 


IMPURE   CASTES. 


139 


a  Brahman  with  a  woman  belonging  to 
the  Kshatrya  class,  whose  profession  was 
to  teach  the  military  art.  The  offspring 
whose  father  is  of  the  servile  class,  and 
the  mother  of  the  Brahminical  order,  are 
the  most  degraded  of  all  the  classes. 
They  are  called  Chandalas,  and  are 
despised  by  all  their  superiors.  Their 
calling  is  to  execute  criminals,  carry  out 
corpses  to  the  place  of  cremation,  and 
to  perform  all  other  services  that  are 
considered  abject  and  unclean.  The 
Chandalas  are  even  more  despised  than  a 
Sudra.  When  they  meet  any  of  the  su- 
perior castes  they  are  obliged  to  turn  out 
of  the  way  till  they  pass.  They  are  con- 
signed to  live  in  isolation,  so  as  not  to 
pollute  the  village  where  they  reside. 

"Avoid,"  says  the  Tantra,  "the 
touch  of  the  Chandalas  and  other  ab- 
ject classes.  Whoever  associates  with 
them  undoubtedly  falls  from  his  class; 
whoever  bathes  or  drinks  in  wells  or 
pools,  which  they  have  caused  to  be 
made,  must  be  purified  by  the  five  pro- 
ductions of  Kine. 

Wm.  Fotheringkam. 


The  Rev.  Plato  Johnson  sometimes 
refers  to  scientific  subjects  in  his  dis- 
courses. Last  Sunday  morning,  in  a  ser- 
mon on  the  origin  of  man,  he  said : — 
"Bruddern,  de  trubble  wid  some  folks 
is  dat  dere  brains  is  too  large.  I  don't 
'tend  to  be  pussonal  an'  has  no  reference 
whatever  to  any  man  in  dis'  sembly;  but 
dere  is  people  in  dis  woiT  who  has  a 
'pression  dat  dey  oughter  have  created 
de  Lord,  an'  dat  it  was  a  act  of  condes- 
censhun  on  dere  parts  dat  dey  'lowed  de 
Lord  to  create  dem  at  all,  an'  dey's  ben 
sorry  ebber  sence  dat  dey  didn'  assert 
dere  rights  on  de  fust  day  an'  hab  a 
han'  in  making'  tings.  Now,  dere's  Mr. 
Darwin,  a  man  who  has  been  makin'  a 
big  fuss  'bout  de  way  de  Lord  put  tings 
togedder,  an'  beleebs  de  whole  ob  creation 
is  wrong  jist  cos  he  was  n't  'suited.  I 
wish  de  Lord  would  gib  sech  men  as  him 
'bout  a  couple  ob  acres  ob  de  'riginal 
chaos,  an'  see  wat  kind  ob  a  fist  day 
would  make  ob  it.  I  guess  dat  arter  a 
while  dey  would  all  move  off  dere  own 
plantation  an'   try  to   rent  a   house   on 


de  land  whar  de  Lord  was  runnin'  de 
machine.  Dis  Darwin  says  dat  a  man 
is  de  gran'  son  'ob  a'  monkey,  an'  dat 
de  Bible  aint  got  de  truff  ob  de  matter 
at  all.  You'se  all  de  chillen  of  baboons, 
my  belubbed.  Wat  you  tink  ob  dat? 
How  you  like  your  ancestors?  In  de  be- 
ginnin'  every  one  ob  you  had  a  long 
tail — dat  was  long  'fore  you  wore  trousers 
— an'some  ob  you  got  your  tails  twisted 
off,  an'  some  ob  you  was  'shamed  ob  'em, 
an'  rubbed  'em  off  against  de  trees, 
an'  at  lass  de  tails  got  so  disgusted 
dat  dey  refused  to  grow.  Dat's  wot 
you  are  an'  dat's  whar  you  cum  from. 
Now,  den,  my  idea  is  dat  ebbery  man 
oughter  speak  for  himself  on  dis  sub- 
jec'.  Ef  Mr.  Darwin  was  born  up 
in  a  tree  while  his  mudder  was  stealing 
cocoanuts  it  don't  follow  dat  my  mudder 
was  up  anoder  tree  doin'  de  same  ting. 
Darwin  is  dead  shore  dat  his  ancestors 
was  apes,  an'  he  oughter  know.  I  ain't 
goin'  to  contradict  it.  Ebbery  man  must 
look  after  his  own  family.  As  fur  me, 
I'se  a  Bible  Christian,  an'  was  made 
out  ob  de  dust,  an'  don't  take  no  stock  in 
de  monkeys.  I  can  look  any  one  ob  'em 
in  de  face  widout  a  blush  for  my  family, 
an'  say,  'Go  long 'bout  your  business,  you 
ole  eater  ob  peanuts,  you  ain't  no  fust 
cousin  ob  mine.'  I  can  stan'  in  front  ob 
a  whole  cage  ob  dese  funny  little  fellers, 
an'  don't  feel  no  family  sympathy  stirrin' 
in  my  heart.  De  fust  chapter  of  Genesis 
is  good  'nuff  fur  me  belubbed.  Pass  de 
box." 


Every  man  ought  to  aim  at  eminence, 
not  by  pulling  others  down,  but  by  rais- 
ing himself  up. 

The  boys  and  girls  of  these  mountains 
cannot  be  made  slaves.  They  have  come 
through  a  lineage  that  knew  what  free- 
dom was  worth  and  how  to  contend  for 
it.  Moses  Tliatcher. 

Our  physical  well  being,  our  moral 
worth,  our  social  happiness,  our  political 
tranquility,  all  depend  upon  the  control 
of  our  appetites  and  passions,  which  the 
ancients  designated  by  the  cardinal  virtue 
of  Temperance. — Burke. 


140 


ASSOCIATION  HISTORY. 


ASSOCIATION    HISTORY. 


WEBER   COUNTY. 
II. 

Immediately  after  the  organization  of 
this  board,  the  members  entered  upon 
their  labors  in  real  earnest,  and  took  into 
consideration  the  best  measures  calcu- 
lated to  promote  the  interests  of  the 
young  in  these  associations.  Having 
decided  upon  the  proper  course  to  pur- 
sue, appointments  were  made  in  a  num- 
ber of  the  surrounding  settlements.  On 
Sunday,  April  28,  they  visited  and  organ- 
ized the  associations  in  Slaterville, 
Marriotts  and  Lynne,  and  in  the  evening 
visited  the  association  at  Mound  Fort 
which  was  already  organized.  On  Sun- 
day, May  8,  the  board  met  and  organized 
the  associations  in  Harrisville  and  North 
Ogden;  and  in  each  place  the  young 
manifested  by  their  presence,  their  ap- 
preciation of  the  privileges  placed  with- 
in their  reach. 

On  the  first  day  of  June,  1878,  the 
first  number  of  the  second  volume  of 
the  Amateur  was  issued  in  a  greatly 
enlarged  and  improved  form.  Jos.  A. 
West  being  editor.  The  subscription 
was  placed  at  one  dollar  a  year  and 
it  received  a  wide  circulation  through- 
out the  county;  R.  A.  Ballantyne  was 
the  business  manager.  The  paper,  as 
before,  was  devoted  to  the  improve- 
ment of  the  young,many  of  whom  availed 
themselves  of  the  privilege  of  writ- 
ing for  its  columns,  The  programme 
of  exercises  was  published  in  it  for  the 
guidance  of  the  societies,  together  with 
other  association  intelligence.  A  prize 
essay  column  was  also  introduced  which 
created  a  commendable  spirit  of  emula- 
tion among  the  contributors  and  greatly 
added  to  the  interest  of  the  paper.  The 
central  board  had  regular  meetings  in 
which  much  interest  was  taken,  and  in 
the  exercises  of  which  many  took  part, 
making  them  of  absorbing  interest.  The 
labors  of  the  board  extended  to  all  the 
societies  in  the  county,  and  the  different 
settlements  were  often  visited  by  them 
when  the  good  advice  given  was  greatly 
appreciated  by  the  members. 

The  publication  of  the  Amateur  was 


continued  for  one  year  until  May  5th, 
1879,  at  which  date  there  had  been  issued 
fifteen  thousand  copies  at  a  cost  for  pub- 
lication, alone,  of  over  one  thousand  dol- 
lars; all  other  work  had  been  done 
gratuitously  by  members  of  the  associa- 
tion. It  then  suspended  and  has  not 
been  resumed  in  the  shape  it  was  be- 
fore, but  a  general  magazine  for  the 
societies  of  the  whole  territory  has 
supplanted  it,  we  refer  to  the  excellent 
publication,  the  "Contributor,"  pub- 
lished by  Junius  F.  Wells,  at  Salt  Lake 
City. 

The  central  board  has  continued  under 
the  presidency  of  Elder  Jos.  A.  West, 
up  to  the  present  time,  to  perform  dili- 
gently the  labors  for  which  it  was  organ- 
ized. Changes  have  been  made  in  the 
officers  on  account  of  other  duties  that 
its  members  have  been  called  upon  to 
perform.  The  county  is  to-day  divided 
into  seven  circuits  of  two,  three  and 
four  societies  each,  making  a  total  of 
twenty-one  societies,  with  a  membership 
of  over  eight  hundred.  These  circuits 
have  a  conference  quarterly,  at  which 
time  the  central  board  meets  with  the 
societies  of  the  circuit,  giving  useful 
instructions  concerning  the  topic  of 
Mutual  Improvement.  The  meetings  are 
held  in  the  wards  alternately,  so  that 
each  ward  has  the  privilege  of  having  a 
quarterly  conference  in  its  turn.  In- 
ter-missionary labor  is  also  kept  up 
between  the  wards  of  the  circuit,  which 
has  a  tendency  to  exercise  the  young 
in  public  speaking.  Every  three  months 
a  quarterly  conference  is  held  in  Ogden, 
where  all  the  societies  are  represented 
and  reports  are  heard  from  the  presi- 
dents. There  are  eight  libraries  in  the 
county  and  eight  manuscript  papers 
published.  During  the  past  year  sixty- 
six  thousand  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
eight  chapters  have  been  read,  seven 
hundred  and  eighty-three  lectures  given 
and  six  hundred  and  thirty-five  testimon- 
ies borne. 

The  forenoon  of  the  circuit  confer- 
ence is  occupied  in  exercises  of  the 
societies  composing  the  circuit.     These 


ASSOCIATION  HISTORY. 


141 


are  of  a  highly  interesting  character,  and 
nothing  so  tends  to  give  a  person  joy  at 
the  improvement  and  labors  of  the  young 
as  attending  these  conferences  through- 
out the  county.  The  afternoon  meetings 
are  occupied  in  hearing  instructions  from 
the  central  board ;  who  are  always  well 
entertained  and  received  by  the  societies. 
As  a  rule  in  these  meetings  one  or  more 
manuscript  papers  are  read,  and  through- 
out the  Stake  these  are  doing  much  good 
in  teaching  the  young  to  use  the  pen 
successfully.  In  listening  to  them  one 
is  often  struck  with  the  orginality  of  the 
articles  and  the  sound  advice  therein 
contained.  The  societies  are  laboring 
not  only  in  this  way  but  in  many  other 
ways  for  the  furtherance  of  mutual  im- 
provement. Many  of  them  have  organ- 
ized and  are  farming  for  the  benefit  of 
the  associations.  Thus  we  have  instances 
where  associations  have  by  united  effort, 
and  without  any  expense,  except  their 
own  labors,  been  able  to  raise  grain  to 
the  amount  of  many  dollars,  which  have 
been  spent  for  the  purchase  of  libraries. 
From  these  they  have  interested  them- 
selves during  their  leisure  time  in  winter, 
and  thus  where  much  valuable  time  was 
formerly  spent  in  idleness,  it  is  now 
spent  in  useful  study.  The  consequences 
are  we  are  growing  better  and  wiser. 
The  central  board  is  laboring  diligently 
among  the  associations,  making  suggest- 
ions here  and  there,  and  are  untiring  in 
their  mission  of  good.  In  the  early  part 
of  May  a  meeting  of  the  presidents  of 
the  various  societies  was  held  in  Ogden 
for  the  purpose  of  considering  the  pro- 
priety of  changing  the  nature  of  the 
exercises  of  the  quarterly  conferences 
held  in  Ogden,  to  conform  with  those 
of  the  circuits.  It  was  agreed  that  each 
society  should  be  required  to  take  a  part 
in  the  exercises  determined  upon.  Each 
society  was  to  prepare  a  manuscript 
paper,  selections  from  which  were  to  be 
read  in  connection  with  the  other  exer- 
cises. The  committee  on  programme 
adopted  for  the  first  following  confer- 
ence, held  July  10,  1881 :  Opening  exer- 
cises: 1.  Faith,  First  Ward;  2.  Music; 
3.  Repentance,  Plain  City;  4.  Reading 
from  Essays;  5.  Ancient  Profane  His- 


tory, Third  Ward ;  6.  Music ;  7.  Baptism, 
Huntsville;  8.  Church  History,  Hooper; 

9.  Gift  of  the  Holy  Ghost,   Harrisville; 

10.  Music,  instrumental  and  vocal  fur- 
nished by  North  Ogden;  11.  Sketch  of 
the  organizations  by  E.  H.  Anderson. 

The  following  were  chosen  to  arrange 
programmes  for  other  conferences:  Chas. 
Wright,  Jas.  Storey,  G.  R.  Belnap,  L. 
A.  Herrick,  and  F.  E.  Barker. 

The  following  are  the  present  mem- 
bers of  the  central  board,  December,  1 881. 
Jos.  A.  West,  President;  E.  N.  Free- 
man, First  Counselor,  L.  A,  Herrick, 
Second  Counselor;  A.  T.  Wright,  Cor- 
responding Secretary;  E.  H.  Anderson, 
Recording  Secretary;  John  L.  Wilson, 
Treasurer. 

The  associations  in  the  county  to-day 
are  in  a  good  condition  and  are  continu- 
ally improving  in  the  work  of  God. 
Many  of  the  members  are  on  missions 
to  foreign  countries,  and  it  is  a  notice- 
able fact,  that  all  who  are  prominent 
young  men  in  the  county  are  or  have 
been  members  of  these  associations. 
From  the  reports  that  have  been  re- 
ceived, thousands  of  chapters  have  been 
read  by  the  members  of  each  society, 
and  as  a  whole  the  amount  of  reading 
done,  since  the  organization,  has  been 
very  great.  From  present  appearances 
the  good  will  continue  to  increase  until 
all  the  young  will  be  members  of  these 
societies,  and  the  great  good,  at  first 
confined  to  a  few,  be  scattered  abroad 
to  all.  We  can  not  help  but  think  that 
the  early  laborers  in  this  cause  will  be 
honored.  That  they  will  be  looked  back 
to  as  staunch  laborers  in  a  righteous 
cause.  That  when  mutual  improvement 
shall  be  the  rule  among  young  and  old 
and  its  effects  shall  be  seen  among  all 
the  youth  of  Zion,  the  early  founders  of 
the  associations  will  be  honored,  as  such 
people  should  be  honored,  who  labor  to 
rear  the  young  in  truth  and  virtue. 

E.  H.  Anderson. 


The  closing  scene  in  the  life  of 
Mozart,  is  one  of  the  most  touching 
ever  recorded.  Fie  seems  to  have  suf- 
fered all  his  life  from  the  fear  and  dread 
of  death.     He  had  been  employed  upon 


142 


RELIGION  AT  HOME. 


his  "requiem"  several  weeks,  all  the  while 
his  soul  was  filled  with  the  richest  melody. 
After  giving  to  his  requiem  its  last 
touch,  and  breathing  into  it  the  soul  of  un- 
dying harmony,  which  was  to  consecrate 
it  through  all  time  as  his  cygnean  strain, 
he  fell  into  a  gentle  slumber.  At  length 
the  light  footstep  of  his  daughter  Emily 
awoke  him.  "Come  hither,  my  Emily," 
he  said;  "my  task  is  done,  the  requiem — 
my  requiem  is  finished."  "Say  not  so, 
dear  father,"  said  the  gentle  girl,  as  the 
tears  stood  in  her  large  and  lustrous  eyes ; 
"you  must  be  better,  father,  for  even 
now  there  is  a  glow  upon   your  cheek." 

"Do  not  deceive  yourself  my  darling 
child,"  said  the  dying  father;  "this  wasted 
form  can  never  be  restored  by  human  aid ; 
to  God  alone  I  look  for  help  in  this  my 
dying  hour.  My  Emily,"  continued  the 
father,  "take  these  my  last  notes  and  sit 
down  by  the  piano  and  sing  them  to  me 
with  the  hymn  of  thy  sainted  mother. 
Let  me  hear  those  dear  tones  once  more 
which  have  so  long  been  my  solace  and 
delight." 

The  daughter  sat  down  and,  with  a 
voice  enriched  with  tenderest  emotion, 
sang  the  following  lines  ; 


Spirit,  thy  labor  is  o'er; 

Thy  earthly  probation  is  run  ; 
Thy  steps  are  now  bound   for  the   untrodden 
shore, 

And  the  race  of  immortals  begun. 

Spirit,  look  not  on  the  strife 

Or  the  pleasures  of  earth  with  regret — 
Pause  not  on  the  threshold  of  limitless  life 

To  mourn  for  the  day  that  is  set. 

Spirit,  no  fetter  can  bind, 

No  wicked  have  power  to  molest; 
There  the  weary,  like  thee,    the  wretched   shall 
find 

A  haven— a  mansion  of  rest. 

Spirit,  how  bright  is  the  road, 

For  which  thou  art  now  on  the  wing; 

Thy  home  it  will  be  with  thy  father  and  God, 
Their  loud  alleluiahs  to  sing. 

As  she  concluded,  she  dwelt  for  a 
moment  upon  the  low  melancholy  notes 
of  the  piece,  and  then,  turning  from  the 
piano,  looked  in  silence  for  the  approving 
smile  of  her  father.  It  was  the  still  pas- 
sionless smile,  which  the  wrapt  and  joyous 
spirit  had  left,  with  the  seal  of  death,  upon 
those  beautiful  features;  for  the  great 
musician  was  dead. 


RELIGION    AT    HOME 


The  influence  of  religious  thought 
and  theory  is  more  potent  in  the  home 
circle  than  in  any  other,  of  man's  daily 
life.  It  may  be  said  to  be  the  foundation 
upon  which  all  the  domestic  virtues  rest, 
and  yet  how  little  does  it  seem  to  enter 
into  the  composition  of  many  homes. 
Its  suggestions  are  not  always  heeded, 
its  requirements  are  not  always  filled, 
its  spirit  is  not  always  cultivated,  nor 
are  its  fruits  every  where  seen,  or,  in  any 
place,  found  in  two  lavish  abundance. 
The  young  men  and  women  who  have 
membership  in  our  mutual  improvement 
associations  will  be  the  future  fathers 
and  mothers  of  our  community,  they  will 
leave  the  homes  of  childhood  and  youth, 
and  jointly  create  homes  which  they  will 
call  their  own.  Marriage,  while  an  ex- 
pected duty,  is  the  assumption  of  a  posi- 
tion of  responsibility,  its  portals  can  be 


entered  on  due  reflection,  or  its  duties 
may  be  commenced  in  a  thoughtless 
mood,  yet  a  momentary  glance  will  show 
it  to  be  the  most  important  step  in  the 
life  of  either  man  or  woman. 

Not  alone  is  the  manhood  and  woman- 
hood of  "the  high  contracting  parties" 
involved,  but  the  lives  of  their  poster^', 
and  the  circle  and  community  in  which 
they  reside  will  be  affected  by  the 
momentous  step.  Marriage  was  or- 
dained of  God,  it  is  a  divine  institution, 
existing  not  in  time  only  and  on  the 
earth,  but  it  belongs  to  the  eternities  of 
the  past,  and  will  exist  in  the  eternities 
of  the  future,  hence  in  its  origin  and 
continuance  it  should  always  be  in- 
vested with  and  glorified  by  the  observ- 
ances and  sanction  of  religion.  There 
are  those  who  consider  that  love,  is 
the  one  grand    and  necessary  element 


RELIGION  AT  HOME. 


143 


in  the  institution  of  marriage,  and  that 
where  this  is,  that  the  authoritative  aid, 
whether  civil  or  ecclesiastical,  is  super- 
fluous, and  that  submission  to  either,  is 
obedience  simply  to  custom  or  fashion, 
or  to  confer  legality  ugon  the  act. 

But  experience  shows  that  much  of 
what  is  called  love  is  but  the  glamour 
and  fascination  that  belong  to  sex;  that 
rarely  is  reason  and  judgment  exercised 
in  the  selection  of  a  companion  and  help- 
mate for  life,  and  rarely  on  either  side 
are  the  characteristics  exhibited  taken 
into  account.  Some,  seeing  this  have 
said,  that,  "many  a  marriage  begins  like 
a  rosy  morning  and  falls  away  like  a  snow 
wreath,"  because  of  the  intangible  found- 
ation upon  which  this  supposed  love  was 
based. 

There  are  reflections  growing  out  of 
the  religion  of  Jesus  Christ,  which  will 
bear  continuous  thought  in  regard  to 
this  relationship,  the  sexes  are  eternal 
and  marriage  is  for  the  continuation  of 
life,  hence  all  who  have  entered  that  state 
should  be  fairly  posted  in  regard  to  the 
functions  of  procreation.  When  gener- 
ation approaches  perfection  there  will 
probably  be  less  necessity  for  regenera- 
tion ;  for  those  born  aright  there  may  be 
less  necessity  for  their  being  born  again; 
and  it  seems  from  observations  and 
revelations  as  if  the  Father  realized  that 
his  children  had  in  a  great  measure  de- 
parted from  him,  and  sunk  by  self-in- 
dulgence the  higher  attributes  of  man- 
hood in  subordination  to  the  lower. 

It  is  a  fact  which  none  can  gainsay, 
that  the  spiritual  faculties  of  man  have 
for  ages  become  more  and  more  dor- 
mant, the  animal  portion  of  man's  nature 
has  acquired  ascendancy,  until  heaven 
has  become  beyond  the  ordinary  thought 
or  reach  of  the  masses  of  our  race.  In- 
dulgence of  passion,  appetite  and  taste, 
proves  the  perversion  of  the  powers  of 
being,  and  the  premature  death  of  par- 
ents and  children  demonstates  the  wan- 
ing power  and  continuity  of  life.  One  of 
the  early  revelations  given  in  this  age 
aimed  to  reduce  the  sensual  tendencies 
of  a  fallen  condition,  and  to  deprive  the 
passionate  or  base  brain  of  many  an 
accustomed  stimulus.     The    "Word    of 


Wisdom"  was  given  in  the  interests  of 
regeneration,  and  a  strict  observance 
of  this,  in  the  economy  of  life,  will  cool 
the  ardor  of  passion  and  desire,  while 
loftier  thoughts  of  creative  power,  as 
shrined  in  the  marriage  covenant,  will 
suggest  appropriate  season  and  thought- 
ful purpose  in  the  Godlike  pursuit  of 
desirable  parentage. 

Not  only  so,  but  as  the  enlightening 
influence  of  the  divine  spirit  is  increased 
in  the  new  formed  circle  of  connubial 
life,  so  will  the  sacredness  of  the 
prospective  mother  be  enchanced,  and 
every  unhallowed  thought  and  feeling 
will  in  passing,  leave  to  nature  and  to 
God,  that  which  will  be  sanctified  even 
"from  the  mother's  womb." 

Further,  as  a  still  more  potent  aid  in  the 
work  of  physical  and  spiritual  regenera- 
tion, comes  the  philosophical  revelation  of 
the  patriarchal  order  of  marriage.  A  divi- 
sion of  hereditary  tendencies  will  surely 
act  with  cumulative  power  upon  posterity, 
and  while  it  may  truthfully  be  said  of 
modern  lascivious  monogamy  that  "the 
foundation  of  prostitution  is  in  the  mar- 
riage bed,"  it  can  as  truly  be  said  that  in 
the  patriarchal  order,  toned  by  obedience 
to  every  "Word  of  Wisdom,"  and  hon- 
ored in  the  spirit  of  sanctified  self-re- 
straint, there  will  be  such  increase  in 
real  virtue,  purity  and  chastity,  that  from 
prospective  motherhood,  to  completed 
lactation  of  the  given  of  heaven,  every 
feeling  will  be  in  approaching  harmony 
to  the  natural  and  every  where  exhibited 
conditions  of  increase. 

In  the  overcoming  of  perverted  in- 
stincts, in  bringing  into  Godlike  order 
this  marvelous  function  of  fatherhood 
and  motherhood,  how  would  our  self- 
respect  be  increased,  how  would  there 
be  a  greater  exhibition  of  manly  vigor  in 
the  performance  of  the  duties  of  our  then 
more  enjoyable  life ;  and  how  would  the 
lassitude  and  ennui  of  wifehood  become 
as  a  memory  of  the  everpast;  how 
would  depleted  function,  give  place  to 
rosy  health;  and  how  would  the  num- 
bers be  reduced  of  those  we  call  and 
mourn  for  as  "our  early  dead?"  Oh 
what  hecatombs  of  the  purest  and  most 
affectionate  of  womankind,  and  what  un- 


i44 


OTTERS. 


counted  hosts  of  short  sweet  lives  have 
been  offered  up  at  the  shrine  of  passion, 
ignorance  and  irreligion ! 

The  spirit  of  true  religion,  the  teach- 
ings of  a  God-given  faith,  the  author- 
ity of  a  divine  Priesthood,  ministering 
around  the  sacred  altar  of  enlightened 
homes,  will  in  consideration  of  the  mar- 
riage covenant,  in  realizing  its  creative 
power,  its  enduring  character,  become 
more  orderly,  more  heavenly,  or  more 
decidedly  a  reflex  of  that  which  glows 
behind  the  vail. 

A  home  without  religion  is  a  world 
without  its  sun,  life  is  bleak  and  limited; 


in  crude  forms  only  it  greets  the  longing 
vision,  but  when  warmed  by  true  love, 
based  on  true  conceptions,  and  animated 
by  the  true  spirit,  it  becomes  prolific  of 
verdure,  weighted  with  its  wealth  of 
fruit;  and  yet  the  earthly  harvest  (even  at 
its  best)  is  but  prophetic  of  that  Home, 
where  knowledge  is  perfect  and  wisdom 
is  "our  righthand  man,"  we  shall  enjoy 
all  the  potency  of  a  religion  heaven 
created  and  also  heaven  controlled. 

//.   IV.  Naisbitt. 


None  scale  the  rank  of  mediocrity  but 
by  self  sacrifice. 


OTTERS. 


Among  the  animals  that  live  partly  in 
the  water  and  partly  on  the  land,  that 
can  run  about  on  the  shore  and  breathe 
the  air  just  as  well  as  we  can,  and  yet  dive 
under  the  water  and  swim  like  a  fish, 
one  of  the  most  interesting  is  the  otter. 
A  common  otter  is  about  the  size  of  a 
small  dog,  having  a  narrow  body  two 
feet  long,  and  very  short  legs.  It  is 
covered  with  handsome  fur  next  to  its 
skin,  and  outside  of  this  there  is  a  coat 
of  long,  coarse  hair. 

As  this  animal  is  very  fond  of  the 
water,  and  lives  principally  on  fish,  it 
makes  its  home  on  the  shore  of  a  creek 
or  river.  This  home  is  a  hole  under- 
ground, generally  quite  close  to  the 
water.  The  entrance  to  the  burrow  is 
always  under  water,  and  leads  upward  to 
the  main  apartment,  which  is  dug  out  as 
high  up  in  a  bank  as  possible,  so  that,  in 
case  of  a  flood  in  the  stream,  the  water 
will  not  rise  up  along  the  entrance-way 
and  into  the  otter's  house.  Sometimes 
the  animal  makes  two  or  three  chambers, 
one  above  another,  so  that,  in  case  the 
water  should  rise  in  a  lower  room,  he 
and  his  family  could  go  up  higher,  and 
keep  dry.  He  does  not  mind  being 
under  the  water  for  a  time,  but  he  can 
not  live  under  water.  From  the  top  of 
his  house  up  to  the  surface  of  the 
ground,  he  makes  a  small  hole  to  let  in 
air;     so,   you  see,   the  otter  is   a   very 


clever  creature.  The  entrance  to  his 
house  is  hidden  under  water,  where  no 
dog  nor  other  enemy  is  likely  to  find  it, 
or  to  get  in  if  they  do  find  it;  and  his 
home  is  so  well  planned  that  some  part  of 
it  is  always  dry  and  well  ventilated. 

When  the  otter  wants  his  supper — for, 
as  he  eats  at  night,  it  may  be  said  that  he 
takes  neither  breakfast  nor  dinner — he 
slips  quietly  into  the  water,  and  as  soon 
as  he  sees  a  fish,  he  gives  chase  to  it. 
He  has  large,  full  eyes,  like  a  seal's,  and 
he  can  see  in  the  water  as  well  as  on 
land.  He  is  web-footed,  and  his  long, 
flexible  body  and  stout  tail  enable  him 
to  move  through  the  water  with  a  motion 
very  much  like  that  of  a  fish.  He  can 
thus  swim  very  fast,  and  few  fish  are 
able  to  escape  him. 

During  the  day-time,  the  otter  gener- 
ally stays  quiet  in  his  burrow,  but  at 
night  he  comes  out,  and  makes  it  very 
lively  for  the  fish.  Sometimes,  when  fish 
are  scarce,  he  will  do  his  midnight  hunt- 
ing on  land,  and  will  be  glad  to  catch  a 
chicken  or  any  other  small  animal  he 
may  meet. 

If  an  otter  is  caught  when  it  is 
quite  young,  it  may  be  tamed.  I  once 
saw  a  couple  of  tame  ones  in  New  York, 
and  they  were  as  lively  and  playful  as  a 
pair  of  terrier  dogs.  Sometimes  tame 
otters  are  trained  to  catch  fish  for  their 
masters.     In   this   kind    of   fishing,   the 


OTTERS. 


145 


otter  slips  quietly  into  the  water,  and 
generally  catches  first  all  the  fish  he 
wants  to  eat  himself.  When  he  has  had 
enough,  he  brings  the  next  one  he  catches 
to  his  master.  A  very  well-trained  otter 
will  go  into  the  water  several  times  in 
this  way,  and  frequently  will  bring  out  a 
large  fish  each  time.  Otters  are  occasion- 
ally employed  by  fishermen  who  use 
nets.  The  nets  are  first  set,  and  then 
the  otters  go  into  the  water  and  drive  the 
fish  into  the  nets,  where  they  are  caught. 

There  is  a  story  told  of  a  man  in 
England  who  had  a  tame  otter  which 
followed  him  about  on  shore  like  a  dog, 
and  which,  also,  used  to  fish  for  him. 
The  two  companions  would  go  out  on 
the  river  in  a  boat,  when  the  otter  would 
jump  overboard,  and  bring  fish  back  to 
the  man.  If  the  animal  stayed  away  too 
long,  his  master  would  call  him  by  his 
name,  and  he  would  immediately  return. 

One  day  the  man  was  away  from  home, 
and  his  young  son  thought  it  would  be  a 
good  idea  to  take  his  father's  otter  and 
go  fishing.  So  he  took  the  little  animal 
into  the  boat,  and  rowed  out  upon  the 
river.  The  otter  jumped  into  the  river 
exactly  as  he  used  to  do  for  the  boy's 
father,  but  he  stayed  below  a  long  time, 
and  when  the  boy  called  him  he  did  not 
come  back.  Either  he  did  not  know  his 
name  when  spoken  by  a  strange  voice, 
or  he  did  not  like  the  boy  well  enough 
to  come  back  to  him,  for  he  remained 
out  of  sight,  and  after  the  boy  had  called 
him  in  vain  for  a  long  time,  he  was  obliged 
to  return  to  shore  without  him. 

Several  days  after  this,  the  man  was 
walking  along  the  river-bank  near  the 
place  where  his  son  had  gone  fishing. 
He  was  greatly  grieved  at  the  loss  of  his 
pet  otter,  and  I  expect  the  boy  had  been 
whipped.  The  man  stood  at  the  edge  of 
the  water,  and  began  to  call  the  otter  by 
his  name.  He  did  not  think  there  was 
any  particular  use  in  doing  this,  but  it 
reminded  him  of  his  little  friend  and  of 
old  fishing  times.  But  you  can  scarce- 
ly imagine  his  astonishment  when,  in 
a  few  moments,  his  faithful  otter  came 
swimming  out  of  the  water,  and  lay  down 
on  the  shore  at  his  feet.  If  he  had 
brought  a  string  offish  along  with  him,  I 
5* 


do  not  think   the  man   could   have  been 
more  surprised  and  delighted. 

In  India  and  some  other  Eastern 
countries,  this  fishing  with  tame  otters  is 
made  quite  a  business.  Bishop  Heber 
tells  us  that  on  the  bank  of  a  river  in  Hin- 
dostan  he  once  saw  eight  or  nine  fine 
large  otters  tied  to  stakes  driven  into  the 
sand.  These  handsome  fellows  were 
either  lying  asleep  on  the  shore  or  swim- 
ming about  in  the  water  as  far  as  their 
ropes  would  let  them.  It  is  likely  that 
when  these  otters  were  used  for  fishing, 
their  native  masters  did  not  set  them 
loose  and  allow  them  to  swim  about  as 
they  pleased;  but  made  them  go  into  the 
water  with  the  long  cord  still  fastened  to 
their  necks.  In  this  way  the  otter  could 
swim  far  enough  to  catch  fish,  and  his 
master  would  be  always  sure  of  having 
his  otter,  whether  he  got  any  fish  or  not. 

In  England,  otter-hunting  used  to  be 
a  favorite  amusement,  and  in  some  parts 
of  the  country  it  is  carried  on  yet.  A 
certain  kind  of  dog,  called  the  otter 
hound,  is  especially  trained  for  this  sport 
and  the  hunters  use  short  spears.  Some 
of  the  hunters  and  dogs  go  on  one  side 
of  the  stream  where  otters  are  expected 
to  be  found,  and  some  on  the  other.  If 
an  otter  has  recently  been  along  the 
bank,  the  dogs  catch  his  scent,  and  they 
bark  and  howl,  and  scratch  the  ground, 
and  the  men  shout  and  beat  the  reedy 
bushes  and  the  shore  until  the  poor 
otter  is  frightened  out  of  his  house,  and 
takes  to  the  water.  But  here  he  is 
discovered  by  the  bubbles  of  air  which 
come  up  where  he  is  breathing,  and  the 
men  wade  into  the  stream  and  strike  at 
the  place  where  they  suppose  the  otter 
is.  The  dogs,  too,  sometimes  go  into 
the  water,  and  in  this  way  the  otter  is 
either  killed  or  driven  ashore.  When  he 
goes  on  land  he  generally  shows  fight, 
and  the  dogs  often  have  a  very  hard  time 
before  he  is  killed. 

There  are  otters,  however,  which  are 
much  better  worth  hunting  than  the 
common  otter.  These  are  the  great  sea- 
otters,  which  are  found  in  the  regions 
about  Behring's  Straits  and  in  Kam- 
schatka,  also  in  some  of  the  waters  of 
South  America.     These  are  much  larger 


146 


THE  ECHO   CANON  WAR. 


than  the  common  otter,  some  of  them 
weighing  seventy  or  eighty  pounds. 
These  animals  are  hunted  for  the  sake  of 
their  fur,  which  is  very  valuable,  and  they 
are  probably  not  so  active  and  difficult  to 
kill  as  the  common  otter,  which  has  so 
many  enemies  that  it  is  obliged  to  be 
very  cunning  and  courageous.  Up  in 
those  cold  regions  where  the  sea  otter 
lives,  he  is  only  occasionally  disturbed 
by  man,  and  probably  never  by  any  other 
creature.  These  otters  do  not  appear  to 
pursue  ordinary  fish  in  the  water,  but  feed 
upon  lobsters  and  other  shell-fish. 

Sea-otters  are  said  to  be  very  affection- 
ate to  their  young,  but  it  is  not  likely 
that  they  are  more  so  than  the  common 
otter;  the  difference  probably  is  that  the 
sea-otter  is  much  less  wild  and  shy  than 
the  common  otter,  and  its  habits  and  dis- 
position toward  its  young  are  therefore 
more  easily  observed.  Ordinary  young 
otters,  even  when  mere  infants,  will,  at 
the  slightest  sign  of  danger,  pop  into  the 


water  with  their  parents,  and  come  up  in 
some  spot  among  the  reeds  and  grass 
where  it  is  impossible  to  see  them. 

There  is  an  animal  in  this  country 
which  is  placed  by  some  writers  in  the 
otter  tribe,  although  we  do  not  generally 
consider  it  as  such.  This  is  the  mink, 
or  minx,  and  it  is  a  great  deal  more 
troublesome  to  us  than  any  ordinary  otter ; 
for  it  does  not  confine  itself  to  catching 
fish,  but  will  come  into  the  barn-yard  and 
kill  chickens  or  any  other  poultry  it  can 
lay  hold  of.  Its  work,  like  that  of  the 
common  otter,  is  done  at  night. 

The  fur  of  all  the  otter  family  is  soft 
and  valuable,  and  if  it  were  not  for  this 
fact,  there  would  probably  be  a  great 
many  more  otters  in  the  world  than  there 
are  now. — St.  Nicholas. 


Some  souls  are  in  danger  of  being  lost, 
because  they  are  too  small  to  be  discover- 
ed: we  suppose  the  Lord  would  not  ob- 
ject to  saving  them,  if  he  could  find  them. 


THE    ECHO    CANYON    WAR. 


IV 

The  news  brought  on  the  twenty-fourth 
of  July,  soon  spread  throughout  the 
Territory.  No  people  threatened  with 
the  invasion  of  their  domain,  the  over- 
throw of  their  institutions  and  the  des- 
truction of  their  leaders,  ever  viewed  the 
hostile  attitude  of  a  great  foe,  with  less 
apprehension,  as  to  results,  than  did  the 
people  of  Utah.  They  had  an  abiding 
faith  that  the  time  had  come  when  the 
favor  of  the  Lord  of  Hosts  would  be 
manifested  in  their  preservation,  and  rest- 
ed secure  in  the  belief  that  President 
Young's  prediction  of  ten  years  previous 
would  surely  be  fulfilled.  He  publicly 
stated  on  that  occasion  that  if  our  enemies 
would  leave  us  alone  for  ten  years,  we 
would  ask  no  odds  of  them.  The  people 
needed  at  least  ten  years  respite  from  the 
drivings  and  burnings  and  murderings 
that  had  driven  them  from  state  to  state 
and  finally  from  the  realm  of  civilization 
into  the  unknown  wilderness  of  the  West. 
They  had  profited  by  the  period  of  peace 


they  had  enjoyed  and  their  love  of  free- 
dom was  promoted  and  increased  by 
the  untrammelled  exercise  of  its  bless- 
ings for  so  long  a  time.  Besides  this, 
the  spirit  of  liberty,  which  is  character- 
istic of  mountain  regions,  was  everywhere 
declared,  even  in  the  very  elements,  to 
predominate  over  every  other  influence. 
A  people  situated  as  ours  were,  with  the 
favor  of  God  to  rely  upon  and  unwaver- 
ing confidence  in  their  leaders,  were  too 
strongly  fortified  for  an  aggressor  to  ever 
make  much  head  against  them.  Our 
people  felt  that  they  had  suffered  the  yoke 
of  mobocratic  rule  long  enough  and  they 
declared,  in  unmistakable  language,  their 
determination  to  resist  the  effort  of  the 
governmentrto  again  expose  them  to  the 
rapacious  plunderers,  who  sought  their 
lives,  their  homes,  and  were  bent  upon 
their  humiliation  and  destruction.  The 
puplic  discourses  of  those  days  following 
the  "Twenty-fourth,"  breathed  this  spirit, 
and  it  was  taken  up  and  carried  to  every 
household. 


THE  ECHO  CAJVOJV  WAR. 


147 


When  Captain  Van  Vliet,  the  first 
official  personage  sent  from  the  army 
headquarters,  arrived  in  Salt  Lake  City, 
September  8,  he  found  the  people  in  this 
condition. He  was  however  welcomed  and 
received  many  courtesies  and  testimonials 
of  kindness,  which  his  gentlemanly  de- 
portment justified.  He  mingled  quite 
freely  with  the  inhabitants  of  the  city 
during  his  stay,  partaking  of  their  boun- 
ties, and  having  a  very  pleasant  time.  We 
subjoin  his  official  report  of  his  visit,  as 
showing  the  object  for  which  he  came  and 
the  spirit  of  the  people  that  he  was  sent 
to  deal  with.  It  was  addressed  to  Cap- 
tain Pleasanton,  Assistant  Adjutant  Gen- 
eral, Army  for  Utah,  Fort  Leavenworth, 
Kansas. 

Ham's  Fork, 

September  16,  1857. 

Captain:  I  have  the  honor  to  report, 
for  the  information  of  the  commanding 
general,  the  result  of  my  trip  to  the 
Territory  of  Utah. 

In  obedience  to  special  instructions, 
dated  headquarters  army  for  Utah,  Fort 
Leavenworth,  July  28,  1857,  I  left  Fort 
Leavenworth,  July  ip,  and  reached  Fort 
Kearney  in  nine  traveling  days,  Fort  Lar- 
amie in  ten,  and  Great  Salt  Lake  City  in 
.thirty-three  and  a  half.  At  Fort  Kearney 
I  was  detained  one  day  by  the  changes  I 
had  to  make  and  by  sickness,  and  at  Fort 
Laramie  three  days,  as  all  the  animals 
were  forty  miles  from  the  post,  and  when 
brought  in  all  had  to  be  shod  before  they 
could  take  the  road.  I  traveled  as  rapid- 
ly as  it  is  possible  to  do  with  six  mule 
wagons.  Several  of  my  teams  broke 
down,  and  at  least  half  of  my  animals 
are  unserviceable  and  will  remain  so 
until  they  recruit.  During  my  progress 
towards  Utah  I  met  many  people  from 
that  Territory,  and  also  several  mountain 
men  at  Green  River,  and  all  informed  me 
that  I  would  not  be  allowed  to  enter 
Utah,  and  if  I  did  I  would  run  great  risk 
of  losing  my  life.  I  treated  all  this, 
however,  as  idle  talk,  but  it  induced  me 
to  leave  my  wagons  and  escort  at  Ham's 
Fork,  143  miles  this  side  of  the  city,  and 
proceed  alone.  I  reached  Great  Salt 
Lake  City  without  molestation,  and  im- 
mediately upon   my   arrival   I   informed 


Governor  Brigham  Young  that  I  desired 
an  interview,  which  he  appointed  for  the 
next  day.  On  the  evening  of  the  day  of 
my  arrival  Governor  Young,  with  many  of 
the  leading  men  of  the  city,  called  upon 
me  at  my  quarters.  The  governor  re- 
ceived me  most  cordially  and  treated  me 
during  my  stay,  which  continued  some 
six  days, with  the  greatest  hospitality  and 
kindness.  In  this  interview  the  governor 
made  known  to  me  his  views  with  regard 
to  the  approach  of  the  United  States 
troops,  in  plain  and  unmistakable  lan- 
guage. 

He  stated  that  the  Mormons  had  been 
persecuted,  murdered  and  robbed  in  Mis- 
souri and  Illinois  both  by  the  mob  and 
State  authorities,  and  that  now  the  United 
States  were  about  to  pursue  the  same 
course,  and  that,  therefore,  he  and  the 
people  of  Utah  had  determined  to  resist 
all  persecution  at  the  commencement, 
and  that  the  troops  now  on  the  march  for 
Utah  should  not  enter  the  Great  Salt  Lake 
valley.  As  he  uttered  these  words  all 
present  concurred  most  heartily  in  what 
he  said. 

The  next  day,  as  agreed  upon,  I  called 
upon  the  governor  and  delivered  in  person 
the  letter  with  which  I  had  been  intrusted. 
In  that  interview,  and  in  several  subse- 
quent ones,  the  same  determination  to 
resist  to  the  death  the  entrance  of  the 
troops  into  the  valley  was  expressed  by 
Governor  Young  and  those  about  him. 

The  governor  informed  me  that  there 
was  abundance  of  everything  I  required 
for  the  troops,  such  as  lumber,  forage, etc., 
but  that  none  would  be  sold  to  us.  In 
the  course  of  my  conversations  with  the 
governor  and  influential  men  in  the  Terri- 
tory, I  told  them  plainly  and  frankly 
what  I  conceived  would  be  the  result  of 
their  present  course.  I  told  them  that 
they  might  prevent  the  small  military 
force  now  approaching  Utah  from  getting 
through  the  narrow  defiles  and  rugged 
passes  of  the  mountains  this  year,  but 
that  next  season  the  United  States  govern- 
ment would  send  troops  sufficient  to  over- 
come all  opposition.  The  answer  to  this 
was  invariably  the  same:  "We  are  aware 
that  such  will  be  the  case;  but  when 
those  troops  arrive  they  will  find  Utah  a 


143 


THE  ECHO   CANON  WAR. 


desert.     Every  house  will  be  burned  to 
the  ground,    every  tree   cut  down,   and 
every  field  laid  waste.     We -have  three 
years  provisions  on  hand,  which  we  will 
'cache,'  and  then  take  to  the   mountains 
and  bid  defiance  to  all  the  powers  of  the 
government."     I  attended   their  service 
on  Sunday,  and,  in  course  of  a  sermon 
delivered  by  Elder  Taylor,  he  referred  to 
the  approach  of  the  troops  and  declared 
they  should  not  enter  the  Territory.     He 
then  referred   to    the   probability  of  an 
overpowering  force   being   sent  against 
them,  and  desired  all  present,  who  would 
apply  the  torch  to  their  own  buildings,  cut 
down  their  trees,  and  lay    waste    their 
fields,  to  hold  up  their     hands.     Every 
hand,  in  an  audience  numbering  over  four 
thousand  persons,  was  raised  at  the  same 
moment.     During  my  stay  in  the  city  I 
visited  several  families,  and  all  with  whom 
I  was  thrown  looked  upon    the  present 
movement  of  the    troops   towards   their 
Territory  as   the  commencement  of  an- 
other religious  persecution,  and  express- 
ed a  fixed  determination  to  sustain  Gov- 
ernor Young  in  any  measures  he   might 
adopt.     From  all  these  facts  I  am  forced 
to  the  conclusion  that  Governor   Young 
and  the  people  of  Utah  will  prevent,   if 
possible,  the  army  for  Utah  from  entering 
their  Territory  this  season.     This,  in  my 
opinion,  will  not  be  a  difficult  task,  owing 
to  the  lateness  of  the  season,  the  small- 
ness  of  our  force,  and  the  defences  that 
nature  has  thrown  around  the  valleyof  the 
Great  Salt  Lake.  There  is  but  one  road 
running  into  the  valley  on  the  side  which 
our  troops  are  approaching,  and  for  over 
fifty  miles  it  passes  through  narrow  can- 
ons and  over  rugged  mountains   which  a 
small  force  could  hold  against  great  odds. 
I  am  inclined,  however,  to   believe   that 
the  Mormons  will  not  resort  to  actual  hos- 
tilities until  the  last  moment.   Their  plan 
of  operations  will  be  to  burn  the  grass, 
cut   up     the    roads,    and   stampede  the 
animals,  so  as  to  delay  the   troops   until 
snow  commences  to  fall,  which  will  render 
the  road  impassable.     Snow  falls  early  in 
this  region;  in  fact  last  night  it  commenc- 
ed falling  at  Fort  Bridget  and  this  morn- 
ing the  sorrounding  mountains  are  cloth- 
ed in  white.     Were  it  one  month  earlier 


in  the  season,  I  believe  the  troops  could 
force  their  way  in,  and  they  may  be  able 
to  do  so  even  now;  but  the   attempt  will 
be  fraught  with  considerable  danger,  aris- 
ing from  the  filling  up  of  the  canons  and 
passes  with  snow.     1  do  not  wish  it  to  be 
considered  that  I  am   advocating   either 
the  one  course  or  the   other.     I  simply 
wish  to  lay  the  facts  before  the  General, 
leaving  it  to  his  better  judgment  to  decide 
upon  the  proper  movements.     Notwith- 
standing my  inability  to  make  the  pur- 
chases I  was  ordered  to,  and  all  that  Gov- 
ernor Young  said  in  regard  to  opposing 
the  entrance  of  the  troops  into  the  valley, 
I  examined  the  country  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  city  with  the  view  of  selecting  a  proper 
military  site.     I  visited  the   military  re- 
serve, Rush  valley,  but  found  it,   in    my 
opinion,  entirely  unsuitable  for  a  military 
station.     It  contains  but  little  grass  and 
is  very  much  exposed  to  the  cold   winds 
of  winter;  its  only  advantage   being  the 
close  proximity  of  fine  wood.     It  is  too 
far  from  the  city,  being  between  forty  and 
forty-five  miles,  and   will  require   teams 
four  days  to  go  there  and  return.     I  ex- 
amined   another   point    on   the   road   to 
Rush  valley,  and  only  about  thirty  miles 
from  the  city,  which  I   consider  a  much 
more  eligible  position.  It  is  in  Tooele  val- 
ley,three  miles  to  the  north  of  Tooele  city, 
and  possesses   wood,  water  and  grass; 
but  it  is  occupied  by  the   Mormons,  who 
have  some  sixty  acres  under  cultivation, 
with  houses   and   barns   on    their  land. 
These  persons  would  have  to  be   dispos- 
sessed or  bought  out.     In  fact  there  is  no 
place  within  forty,  fifty  or  sixty  miles  of 
the  city,  suitable  for  a  military  position, 
that  is  not  occupied  by   the    inhabitants 
and  under  cultivation.      Finding  that   I 
could  neither  make  the  purchases  ordered 
to,  nor   shake  the  determination   of  the 
people    to    resist    the    authority  of  the 
United  States,  I  left  the  city  and  returned 
to  my  camp  on  Ham's  Fork.  On  my  return 
I  examined  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Bridger, 
and  found  it  a  very  suitable   position  for 
wintering  the  troops  and  grazing  the  ani- 
mals, should  it  be   necessary  to   stop  at 
that  point.     The  Mormons   occupy  the 
fort  at  present,  and  also  have  a  settlement 
about  ten  miles  further  up  Black's  fork, 


FORMATION  OF  SOIL. 


149 


called  Fort  Supply.  These  two  places 
contain  buildings  sufficient  to  cover  near- 
ly half  the  troops  now  en  route  for  Utah; 
but  I  was  informed  that  they  would  all  be 
laid  in  ashes  as  the  army  advances.  I 
have  thus  stated  fully  the  result  of  my 


visit  to  Utah,  and,  trusting  that  my  con- 
duct will  meet  the  approval  of  the  com- 
manding general,  I  am,  very  respectfully, 
your  obedient  servant, 

Stewart  Van   Vliet, 

Captain,  A.  Q.  M. 


FORMATION    OF    SOIL. 


The  different  kinds  of  soil  are  formed, 
with  but  few  exceptions,  by  the  gradual 
wearing  away  and  decay  of  rocks.  This 
may  not  seem  so  evident  that  we  can  pass 
over  it  without  proof.  In  most  cases,  as 
soon  as  the  rock  is  transformed  into  soil, 
it  is  washed  away  by  water  and  soon 
carried  far  away  from  the  place  of  its 
origin,  so  that  we  have  some  difficulty 
in  finding  out  how  it  was  formed,  but  in 
some  places,  the  soil  remains  where  it 
is  formed,  and  here  we  can  trace  every 
change  from  perfect  soil  to  hard  rock 
below.  Very  often  in  such  soil  veins  of 
flint  or  hard  rock  will  be  found  running 
through  the  soil,  and  down  into  the  bed 
of  the  rock  below,  showing  that  they 
were  once  imbedded  in  solid  rock  al- 
together, but  being  harder  than  the  sur- 
rounding material, they  resisted  the  action 
of  the  soil  forming  agents,  while  the 
material  around  them  decayed.  Again  the 
soil  in  our  valleys  and  plains,  continues 
to  increase  from  one  year  to  another  by 
deposits  brought  down  by  the  rivers  and 
mountain  streams,  that  come  from  parts 
that  are  made  up  wholly  of  rock,  which 
must  therefore  gradually  wear  out,  and 
be  carried  down  by  the  water. 

The  agents  that  bring  about  these 
changes  exist  mostly  in  the  atmosphere. 
They  are  oxygen,  a  gas  that  produces 
nearly  all  the  decay  that  we  notice  going 
on  around  us,  as  the  rusting  of  iron  and 
rotting  of  wood,  and  vegetable  matter; 
carbonic  acid  gas,  a  substance  which, 
together  with  water,  makes  many  hard 
rocks  soluble;  watery  vapor  in  the  at- 
mosphere, existing  in  greater  or  less 
quantity  according  to  the  temperature 
and  other  causes;  and  sometimes  am- 
monia and  other  substances  in  small 
quantities. 


The  depth  of  the  soil  depends  to  a 
great  extent  on  the  slope  of  the  parent 
rock.  Where  there  is  little  slope,  the 
soil  is  likely  to  remain  there  and  ac- 
cumulate in  almost  any  quantity,  but 
where  the  slope  is  great,  it  is  sure  to  be 
wasted  away  by  rain  or  melting  snows, 
and  hence  will  not  accumulate  at  all 
where  it  is  formed,  but  will  be  carried 
away  by  the  water,  and  deposited  in  the 
mouth  of  some  stream,  in  the  ocean  or 
in  the  bottom  of  some  lake,  where  it 
may  collect  to  an  immense  thickness. 

The  process  of  decay  would  be  very 
slow,  if  rocks  could  not  be  penetrated  by 
air  and  water,  and  the  disintegration, 
could  take  place  only  on  the  surface,  but, 
all  rocks  are  broken  up  more  or  less  into 
blocks,  by  cracks  running  in  different 
directions,  and  besides  this  they  are 
usually  composed  of  porous  material, 
so  that  there  is  abundant  opportunity  for 
the  different  agents  to  find  there  way  to 
the  inside,  and  there  carry  on  their  work 
of  destruction.  Now  rocks  are  com- 
posed of  different  compounds  united  to- 
gether in  different  ways.  Some  of  these 
compounds  can  be  dissolved  in  water, 
and  the  others  being  left  without  anything 
to  hold  them  together,  become  loose 
soil. 

Granite  contains,  principally,  mica, 
quartz  and  feldspar.  The  quartz  is  per- 
fectly insoluble,  the  mica  may  be  acted 
on  by  the  disintegrating  agents,  but,  the 
change  can  take  place  only  at  a  very 
slow  rate,  but  the  feldspar  is  much  more 
easily  acted  upon  by  these  agents,  at 
least  a  part  of  it  is  and  this  part  being 
dissolved  loosens  the  whole  mass  and 
changes  it  into  a  bed  of  clay;  the  part  of 
the  feldspar,  that  was  not  dissolved, 
grains  of  sand,  or  the   small  particles  of 


i5o 


FORMATION  OF  SOIL. 


quartz,  and  bright  scales  of  mica, 
we  always  see  in  sand  and  clay.  In  all 
countries,  when  the  rocks  are  composed 
of  granite,  the  soil  is  just  what  we  have 
described  it  to  be  above.  In  volcanic 
regions  the  soil  is  also  very  much  the 
same,  as  the  lava  thrown  out  generally 
contains  a  great  deal  of  clay. 

Limestone  is  generally  composed  of 
small  grains  united  together  by  means  of 
a  cement  of  the  same  kind  of  material. 
This  cement  can  not  be  dissolved  in 
water  alone,  but  when  carbonic  acid  is 
mixed  with  it,  then  the  cement  can  be 
easily  dissolved,  and  the  rock  falls  to 
pieces  in  the  shape  of  soil.  The  car- 
bonic acid  that  is  always  found  in  the  air, 
is  carried  down  into  the  rock  along 
with  the  water  that  may  pass  through 
the  air  as  rain,  or  that  may  exist  as  a 
part  of  the  air,  in  the  form  of  watery 
vapor;  sometimes  the  limestone  contains 
sand  and  clay  and  as  these  are  not 
changed  by  the  action  of  the  water  or 
carbonic  acid,  hence  the  soil  is  not 
wholly  limestone  but  contains  also  these 
impurities. 

Sandstones  consist  of  grains  of  sand 
cemented  together  by  means  of  lime- 
stone or  an  oxide  of  iron.  In  the 
former  case  the  limestone  is  easily  dis- 
solved out,  and  a  mass  of  sand  remains; 
but  in  the  second  case  the  oxide  of  iron 
is  almost  unchangeable,  and  hence  a 
sandstone  whose  parts  are  cemented  to- 
gether by  this  substance,  becomes  one  of 
the  most  useful  of  our  building  stones, 
as  for  instance  the  red  sandstone,  which, 
though  it  is  very  easily  cut,  is  yet  acted 
upon  with  great  difficulty  by  these  agents 
mentioned  above,  and  in  this  respect  it  is 
quite  different  from  granite,  which  is 
very  hard  to  cut,  but  soon  loses  a  smooth 
polish  by  the  action  of  the  atmosphere. 
When  slates  decay  they  generally  form 
a  pure  clay,  as  the  cementing  material  is 
usually  nothing  more  than  limestone. 
Most  soils  are  composed  generally  of  a 
mixture  of  most  of  the  simple  forms  that 
have  been  mentioned  above,  as  they  are 
carried  about  from  one  place  to  another 
by  water,  and  thus  become  thoroughly 
mixed  with  each  other. 

Besides  these  simple  ingredients  men- 


tioned above,  the  decay  of  vegetable 
matter  forms  a  large  part  of  fertile  soils, 
and  also  gives  them  their  black  color. 
The  leaves  and  stems  of  plants  falling  to 
the  ground,  in  the  process  of  decay,  are 
partly  turned  to  charcoal,  which  being 
nearly  indestructible  remains  behind,  and 
thus  colors  the  soil.  It  is  of  great  im- 
portance preserving  for  the  plants  that 
may  grow  in  the  immediate  vicinity,  large 
quantities  of  ammonia,  a  compound  that 
is  of  the  first  importance  in  the  develop- 
ment of  all  forms  of  vegetation.  Char- 
coal contains  a  great  many  pores,  and 
these  have  a  wonderful  power  of  absorb- 
ing gasses,  so  that  when  plants  decay, 
the  charcoal  that  is  left  behind  immediate- 
ly takes  up  the  ammonia  as  soon  as  it  is 
formed,  and  there  holds  it  in  readiness 
to  be  absorbed  by  water,  and  thus  car- 
ried into  the  circulation  of  the  plant, 
where  it  can  be  used.  This  vegetable 
mould,  from  the  explanation  just  given, 
you  will  know,  is  found  only  near  the 
surface,  where  the  vegetable  matter  de- 
cays. 

When  those  substances  that  are  neces- 
sary for  the  growth  of  certain  plants 
have  been  exhausted,  many  ways  are 
employed  to  restore  what  was  taken 
away.  In  some  few  places  on  the  earth's 
surface,  crops  may  be  raised  from  one 
season  to  another,  and  there  seems  to  be 
no  exhaustion,  this  is  no  doubt  caused  by 
the  fact,  that  just  as  fast  as  the  plant 
takes  out  what  it  needs,  the  rocks  by 
their  decay  restore  what  was  lost.  Thus 
near  Rome  excellent  crops  of  wheat  are 
raised  now,  on  soil  cultivated  by  the 
Romans  over  two  thousand  years  ago, 
and  from  that  time  down  to  the  present. 
In  other  cases  rivers  bring  down  new 
layers  at  different  times,  and  thus  re- 
plenish the  soil,  as  in  the  valley  of  the 
Nile,  where  crops  have  been  raised  from 
one  year  to  another,  as  long  as  history 
has  preserved  any  record. 

Another  method  of  preserving  the  fer- 
tility of  the  soil,  is  by  rotation  of  crops; 
that  is  planting  one  season  a  crop  that 
will  take  from  the  soil  a  certain  ingred- 
ient, and  the  next  season  a  crop  that  will 
take  out  a  different  ingredient,  so  as  to 
give  time  for  the  first  to  be   formed   in 


APOSTACY. 


151 


sufficient  quantity  by  the  wearing  away 
of  the  rocks.  In  order  to  carry  out  this 
method  successfully,  one  must  be  well 
acquainted  with  the  chemical  constituents 
of  the  soil  and  plants,  and  thus  we  see 
that  to  secure  the  greatest  advantages 
from  the  soil,  the  study  of  chemistry  is 
a  valuable  assistant.  Large  tracts  of 
land  are  sometimes  allowed  to  lie  idle 
for  a  number  of  years,  in  order  to  re- 
cover, in  the  manner  explained  above, 
what  they  have  lost  by  exhaustion. 

Soils  are  sometimes  produced  with  the 
assistance  of  other  agencies,  as,  for  in- 
stance, frost  in  cold  countries.  Rocks 
are  penetrated  by  water  through  their 
pores  and  fissures,  and  then  the  cold 
freezes  the  water,  expands  it,  and  causes 
the  rock  to  crumble  in  pieces.  The  ex- 
pansion and  contraction  produced  by 
heat  and  cold  produce  the  same  result 
only  in  a  less  marked  degree.  In  St. 
Petersburg  where  they  have  great  ex- 
tremes between  summer  and  winter,  and 
where  there  is  always  plenty  of  moisture 
in  the  atmosphere,  a  building  will  decay 
more  in  fifty  years,  than  one  in  Egypt 
will  in  three  thousand  years.  In  the  lat- 
ter country  they  have  no  rain,  and  the 
temperature  remains  nearly  the  same  all 
the  year  round.  J.  B.  Toronto. 


THE  LAWYER'S  FEE. 
There  is  a  good  story  of  a  cotton 
speculator  who  once  paid  a  fee  several 
times  greater  than  his  lawyer  expected. 
Soon  after  the  fall  of  Vicksburg,  he  be- 
came involved  with  the  authorities,  who 
charged   him   with    fraud.     His    cotton, 


which  was  worth  a  large  sum  of  money, 
being  seized,  he  sought  the  aid  of  Mr. 
Geiger,  an  influential  Ohio  lawyer,  then 
visiting  the  city. 

The  lawyer  in  one  day  satisfied  the 
authorities  that  there  was  no  fraud,  and 
secured  the  release  of  the  cotton.  The 
speculator  was  gratified,  and  informed 
Mr.  Geiger  that  he  would  see  him  the 
next  morning  after  he  had  finished  load- 
ing his  cotton  on  a  steamboat. 

The  lawyer  retired,  but  not  to  sleep. 
He  was  debating  with  himself  what  he 
should  charge  his  client.  The  amount 
involved  was  large,  the  speculator  would 
make  a  handsome  fortune,  and  Geiger 
thought  five  hundred  dollars  would  not 
be  an  unreasonable  fee  for  his  services. 
But  in  the  morning,  the  sum  seemed 
so  great  for  one  day's  work,  that  he 
feared  to  ask  it. 

In  this  frame  of  mind,  while  walking 
out  towards  the  steamer,  which  was  to 
carry  off  the  cotton,  he  met  the  speculator. 

"Well,  Mr.  Geiger,  that  was  a  good 
day's  work  you  did  for  me  yesterda)'," 
said  the  client,  taking  from  his  pocket  a 
large  roll  of  bank-notes. 

Holding  up  one  knee,  he  thereon 
counted  off  four  five-hundred-dollar  bills, 
and  without  looking  up  at  the  lawyer, 
asked,  "Is  that  enough?" 

Geiger  looked  on  speechless  for  a 
moment,  but  recovering  himself,  said, 
with  the  habitual  coolness  of  a  lawyer, — 

"I  guess  you  had  better  lay  on  an- 
other!" 

It  was  laid  on,  and  Geiger,  putting  the 
two  thousand  five  hundred  dollars  in  his 
pocket  bid  the  speculator  good-bye. 


APOSTACY. 


The  subject  of  the  apostacy  occupies 
the  minds  of  people  of  modern  times 
but  very  little.  This  however  is  not  sur- 
prising when  we  consider  their  views  re- 
lating to  the  Church  of  Christ;  for  they 
claim  a  continuation  of  Divine  Author- 
ity and  the  plan  of  salvation,  from  the 
apostolic  age  to  the  present  time,  the 
idea    prevailing    among    them  that  the 


Bible  alone  is  a  sufficient  guide,  without 
immediate  and  continued  revelation.  In 
this  respect  the  position  of  the  Latter- 
day  Saints  is  widely  different  from  all 
other  religious  denominations  now  extant, 
bearing  no  relationship  to  any  religious 
sect,  but  on  the  other  hand  declaring  in 
words  of  soberness,  that  our  Heavenly 
Father  has  restored  the  Gospel  by  mod- 


152 


APOSTACY. 


em  revelation,  to  the  Prophet  Joseph 
Smith.  This  being  true  there  must  have 
been  a  departure  from  the  true  order  of 
the  Gospel. 

To  prove  that  such  is  the  case,  we  will 
refer  to  the  predictions  of  holy  writ, 
"Knowing  this  first,  that  no  prophecy  of 
the  scripture  is  of  any  private  interpre- 
tation, for  the  prophecy  came  not  in  old 
time  by  the  will  of  man ;  but  holy  men  of 
God  spake  as  they  were  moved  by  the 
Holy  Ghost."  The  Savior  said  when 
addressing  his  disciples:  "And  then  shall 
many  be  offended  and  shall  betray  one 
another,  and  shall  hate  one  another  and 
many  false  prophets  shall  rise  and  shall 
deceive  many,  and  because  iniquity  shall 
abound,  the  love  of  many  shall  wax 
cold." — Matthew  xxiv,  10-12. 

To  this  testimony  of  Matthew  con- 
cerning the  words  of  the  Savior  in  rela- 
tion to  the  subject  under  consideration 
there  will  be  found  the  corresponding 
testimonies  of  Mark  and  Luke.  It  will 
be  remembered  that  this  testimony  of 
the  Lord  was  in  answer  to  a  very  impor- 
tant question.  When  he  had  foretold 
the  overthrow  of  the  Temple,  His  apos- 
tles asked  Him:  "When  shall  these 
things  be,  and  what  shall  be  the  sign  of 
Thy  coming,  and  of  the  end  of  the 
world?"  The  appearance  of  false  pro- 
prophets;  the  deception  of  many;  the 
martyrdom  of  the  Apostles ;  the  betrayal 
of  the  saints,  one  of  another;  the  love 
of  many  waxing  cold;  the  overwhelming 
prevalence  of  iniquity;  the  universal 
discord  and  contentions  of  the  nations, 
all  were  to  be  prominent  events  to  trans- 
pire before  the  advent  of  the  Savior  to 
reign  in  power  and  glory  upon  the  earth. 

To  this  we  will  add  the  words  of  Paul: 
"Now  we  beseech  you  brethren,  by  the 
coming  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  and 
by  our  gathering  together  unto  him,  that 
ye  be  not  soon  shaken  in  mind,  or  be 
troubled,  neither  by  spirit  nor  by  word, 
nor  by  letter  as  from  us,  as  that  the  day 
of  Christ  is  at  hand.  Let  no  man  deceive 
you  by  any  means,  for  that  day  shall  not 
come  except  there  come  a  falling  away 
first,  and  that  man  of  sin  be  revealed, 
the  son  of  perdition." — 2  Thes.  ii,  1-8. 

It  is  evident  from  the  above  that  some 


were  likely  to  be  deceived  with  regard  to 
the  time  of  His  second  coming.  Paul 
to  prevent  their  being  misled  by  false 
teachers  who  were  likely  predicting  the 
Saviors  advent,  testified  that  there  should 
come  a  "falling  away  first."  The  lan- 
guage is  so  express  that  one  can  read- 
ily  see,  that  nothing  but  a  departure  from 
the  unchangeable  plan  of  salvation 
would  fulfil  this  prediction.  We  read 
in  the  Scriptures  that  "God  hath  set  some 
in  the  Church,  first  apostles,  secondarily 
Prophets,"  and  other  officers,  all  of 
whom  were  divinely  inspired  "for  the 
work  of  the  ministry,"  with  spiritual  gifts 
following  the  baptized  believers.  Only 
a  short  time  elapsed,  however,  before 
these  officers,  principles,  gifts  and  bless- 
ings mentioned  in  the  New  Testament, 
were  not  to  be  found  in  the  midst 
of  the  earth,  and  when  we  examine 
the  religious  institutions  of  the  present 
time,  no  where  are  they  now  to  be  found 
save  with  the  Latter-day  Saints.  The 
present  generation  then  is  as  those  of 
many  centuries  past  have  been,  living 
witnesses  to  the  verification  of  the  words 
we  have  quoted. 

When  Paul  was  about  to  depart 
from  Miletus,  he  called  unto  him  the 
Elders  of  the  Church  from  the  city  of 
Ephesus,  and  in  his  farewell  address  he 
warned  them  as  appears  in  the  following 
words,  "For  I  know  this,  that  after  my 
departing  shall  grievous  wolves  enter 
in  among  you,  not  sparing  the  flock, 
also  of  your  own  selves  shall  men  arise 
speaking  perverse  things,  to  draw  away 
disciples  after  them,"  Acts  xx,  29,  30. 
As  an  evidence  that  this  prophecy  was 
being  verified,  and  that  as  early  as  the 
time  of  the  Apostle  John's  banishment 
upon  the  Isle  of  Patmos,  we  will  quote 
from  the  second  chapter  of  Revelations 
first  and  fifth  verses:  "Unto  the  angel 
of  the  Church  of  Ephesus  write;  *  *  * 
Remember  therefore  from  whence  thou 
art  fallen,  and  repent  and  do  the  first 
works."  By  reading  the  second  verse 
we  discover  that  false  teachers  had 
arisen  among  the  people,  professing  to 
be  apostles,  thus  verifying  the  words  of 
Paul.  By  reading  the  context  we  dis- 
cover that  similar  reproofs  were  meted 


RETROSPECTION. 


153 


out  to  most  of  the  branches  of  the 
Church  in  Asia,  because  they  were  de- 
parting from  the  truth. 

Peter,  also,  the  presiding  Apostle,  has 
spoken  very  plainly  relating  to  the 
Apostacy.  Beginning  with  the  first 
verse  of  the  second  chapter  of  his 
second  epistle,  we  read.  "But  there  were 
false  prophets  also  among  the  people, 
even  as  there  shall  be  false  teachers 
among  you,  who  privily  shall  bring  in 
damnable  heresies,  even  denying  the 
Lord  that  bought  them,  and  bring  upon 
themselves  swift  destruction,  and  many 
shall  follow  their  pernicious  ways,  by  rea- 
son of  whom  the  way  of  truth  shall  be 
evil  spoken  of,  and  through  covetous- 
ness  shall  they  with  feigned  words  make 
merchandize  of  you,  whose  judgment 
now  of  a  long  time  lingereth  not  and 
their  damnation  slumbereth  not."  From 
this  we  learn  not  only  that  false  teachers 
should  arise  among  the  people,  but  that 
they  should  succeed  in  deceiving  the 
people  and  causing  many  to  follow 
their  pernicious  ways.  In  connection 
with  this  part  of  the  subject,  Paul  says 
to   Timothv;    "For  the  time  will   come 


when  they  will  not  endure  sound  doc- 
trine, but  after  their  own  lusts  shall  they 
heap  to  themselves  teachers,  having  itch- 
ing ears,  and  they  shall  turn  away  their 
ears  from  the  truth  and  shall  be  turned 
unto  fables,"  2  Timothy,  iv,  3,  4.  Thus  it 
is  clearly  stated  not  only  that  men  should 
arise  "speaking  perverse  things,"  and 
succeed  in  their  evil  designs  in  making 
innovations  upon  the  teachings  of  the 
Apostles,  but  that  the  people  themselves 
would  be  so  allured  from  the  way  of  life 
as  to  heap  unto  themselves  these  false 
teachers,  so  that  many  would  adhere  to 
their  spurious  doctrines.  The  terms 
heap  and  many  do  not  signify  a  few  but 
a  great  number. 

The  above  quotations  from  the  holy 
Scriptures  bear  especially  upon  the  inter- 
nal eruptions, that  occurred  in  the  Church, 
causing  many  to  depart  from  the  straight 
and  narrow  path,  which  leadeth  unto 
life  eternal.  Those  causes,  which  create 
internal  division  and  discord  in  the  midst 
of  the  Saints  are  the  worst  of  all  causes, 
for  "A  house  divided  against  itself 
cannot  stand." 

Matthias  F.  Cowley. 


RETROSPECTION. 


The  pale,  dull  sun  of  February- 
Tinging  with  mellow  light, 

The  landscape  drear,  and  mountain  tops, 
Grand  in  their  sheen  of  white, 

Lights  up  the  day  with  glim'ring  ray, 
And  fadeth  into  night. 

The  shadows  lay  along  the  walls, 
Gloomy  and  dark  they  seem, 

And  fitfully  the  sunset  rays, 
Adown  the  casement  stream, 

And  the  tired  mind  to  rest  inclin'd; 
Would  fain  at  twilight  dream. 

Call  up  some  vision  of  the  past 

Glowing  with  life  and  light, 
Some  rosy-hued  and  brilliant  scene 

In  dazzling  splendor  bright; 
A  pleasant  phase,  of  other  days, 

And  friends  now  lost  to  sight. 

Ah!   pause — for  from  the  years  gone  by 

A  dear  familiar  face, 
The  twilight  shrouds  in  shadow, 


And  seemingly  we  trace 
The  outlines  clear,  of  one  most  dear, 
Crowned  with  a  mystic  grace. 

And  thoughts  rush  back  the  long  ago, 

And  we  hasten  as  of  yore, 
To  catch  the  music  of  the  hours, 

That  will  return  no  more; 
And  'mid  the  flow'rs  of  childhood's  bowr's, 

Our  hearts  are  gushing  o'er. 

We  close  the  ideal  vision, 

With  memories  so  replete; 
And  fancy  the  night-wind  sighing 

A  requiem  low  and  sweet; 
And  as  we  part,  the  tear-drops  start, 

The  spell  is  so  complete. 

We'll  meet  the  absent  one  again; 

O  faith  thy  glorious  ray, 
Brighter  than  sunshine  floods  the  soul, 

And  lights  the  darkest  day 
With  beams  divine,  that  constant  shine, 

Athwart  the  roughest  way. 

Emtnelinc  B.  Wells. 


154 


EDITORIAL. 


THE    CONTRIBUTOR. 

A   MONTHLY  MAGAZINE. 

JUNIUS    F.  WELLS, 

Editor  and  Publisher. 

terms: 

Two  Dollars  a  Year,       -      In  Advance. 
Single  Copy,  Twenty  Cents. 

Salt  Lake  City,       February,  1882. 

MEMORIALS    TO    CONGRESS. 

The  passage  by  the  Senate  of  the 
United  States  of  the  Edmunds  bill,  the 
full  text  of  which  was  received  by  tele- 
graph, thoroughly  awakened  the  people 
of  our  Territory  to  the  enormous  wrongs 
threatened  to  be  perpetrated  upon  us, 
and  to  the  necessity  of  more  fully  re- 
presenting our  position  and  our  claims 
for  fair  treatment.  With  this  object  in 
view  the  officers  of  the  Relief  Society, 
and  the  Young  Men's  and  Young  Ladies' 
Mutual  Improvement  Associations  and 
a  select  committee,  representing  the 
citizens  in  general,  were  requested  to 
prepare  suitable  petitions  to  Congress, 
setting  forth,  briefly,  the  feelings  of  all 
classes  of  our  population  and  requesting 
that  honorable  body  to  pause  and  inves- 
tigate before  legislating  away  the  rights 
of  an  innocent  and  upright  community. 

These  committees  met  on  Monday, 
February  20th,  and  compared  the  various 
petitions  they  had  prepared.  On  that 
occasion  President  John  Taylor  made 
the  following  remarks: 

It  has  been  thought  proper  that  the 
Relief  Society  and  the  Young  Men's  and 
Young  Ladies'  Mutual  Improvement 
Associations  each  get  up  a  petition  to 
Congress,  and  lay  before  that  body  the 
position  we  occupy  in  relation  to  the 
matters  that  are  disturbing  the  nation,  to 
present  to  them  a  few  salient  points, 
that  they  may  be  able  to  act  advisedly. 

We  call  upon  these  various  societies  to 
circulate  the  petitions,  to  have  the  whole 
Territory  canvassed  and  the  signatures 
of  all  connected  with  our  associations, 
as  well  as  any  others  who  may  wish  to 


sign  them,  procured.      We  will  then  for- 
ward the  petitions  to  Congress. 

It  is  better  in  the  midst  of  this  excite- 
ment caused  by  so  many  falsehoods  and 
mendacious  statements  of  priests  and 
politicians,  all  of  whom  are  seeking  our 
destruction,  for  us,  at  least,  to  lay  before 
Congress  the  facts,  plainly  and  definitely, 
that  they  may  have  the  opportunity  to 
judge  from  fact  instead  of  falsehood 
and  misrepresentation.  When  we  have 
done  this  we  shall  then  feel  we  have  done 
our  duty  to  God,  our  brethren  and  the 
world  and  we  shall  leave  the  event  in  the 
hands  of  God,  for  Him  to  act  as  may 
seem  best  in  His  sight.  I  would  state 
that  we  have  no  fears  as  to  the  result; 
the  crisis  has  to  come  sometime.  We 
have  to  be  brought  to  the  test  and  this 
nation  has  to  be  brought  to  the  test. 
Whether  this  is  the  time  or  not  it  is  not 
for  me  to  say.  If  it  is,  we  are  perhaps 
as  well  prepared  to  meet  it  now  as  we 
will  be  at  any  other  time.  As  for  my- 
self I  do  not  feel  to  shrink  from  results. 
We  know  this  kingdom  will  roll  forth. 
We  know  that  Zion  will  be  established. 
We  know  the  nations  will  be  overthrown 
and  that  God's  rule  will  be  introduced 
and  that  it  will  pravail. 

When  Israel  was  oppressed  in  Egypt 
they  did  not  dictate  to  the  Almighty  as 
to  the  course  they  should  pursue,  but  He 
dictated  to  Israel.  They  acted  their  part 
and  were  willing  to  carry  out  His  will. 
We  wish  to  act  our  part  and  stand  ready 
to  carry  out  the  word  and  will  of  God. 
We  go  in  for  liberty,  freedom  and  hu- 
man rights  for  all  men,  and  when  the 
kingdon  of  God  is  established  all  men 
will  possess  their  rights;  the  right  to 
worship  God  as  they  please,  the  right  of 
franchise  and  all  other  inalienable  rights 
pertaining  to  the  human  family.  It  is 
for  us  to  struggle  for  these  principles, 
and  while  we  wish  to  cast  no  aspersions 
on  the  rulers  of  the  government,  at  the 
same  time  we  wish  to  lay  before  them, 
respectfully,  our  views,  protesting  against 
unconstitutional  measures  that  men  seek 
to  bring  upon  us. 

The  Young  Men's  and  Young  Ladies' 
petitions,  before  this  will  be  read,  will 
have    been    circulated     throughout    the 


EDITORIAL. 


155 


Territory,  by  express  and  telegraph,  and 
will  have  received,  doubtless,  ten  thous- 
and signatures  each.  They  are  as  fol- 
lows: 

To  the  Honorable  the  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives  in  Congress 
Assembled: 

Your  petitioners,  the  young  men  of  the 
Territory  of  Utah  respectfully  represent: 
That  our  present  interests  and  future 
prospects  in  life  are  dependent  upon  the 
undisturbed  peace  and  prosperity  of  our 
Territory. 

That  we  are  the  sons  of  parents  who 
have  braved  the  dangers  and  overcome 
the  difficulties  incident  to  pioneering  and 
settling  a  new,  sterile  and  forbidding 
country;  who  have  made  human  habita- 
tion in  the  valleys  of  the  great  Rocky 
Mountain  basin  a  possibility;  who  have 
labored  with  untiring  industry  under  many 
hardships  to  create  homes  for  their 
families,  in  which  we  have  been  nurtured 
and  cared  for;  who  have  denied  them- 
selves many  comforts  to  educate  and 
train  their  children  in  useful  arts  and 
industries ;  who  have  ever  thrown  around 
our  paths  in  life  the  benign  influences  of 
home — there  are  no  homeless  children 
in  Utah — of  religion,  of  industry,  of 
honor,  of  patriotism  and  the  broadest  and 
kindest  expressions  of  humanity;  who 
have  shielded  us  from  the  groveling  forms 
of  vice  that  tempt  and  allure  to  destruc- 
tion the  unprotected  and  disowned,  who, 
without  name  or  home,  lie  in  the  streets 
of  the  great  cities  and  upon  the  highways 
of  the  outside  world,  a  reproach  to 
civilization  and  mankind. 

Under  the  protection,  wise  legislation 
and  humane  administration  of  our  fathers, 
our  Territory  enjoys  the  blessings  of 
peace  and  abundance,  and  we  have  been 
started  upon  the  highroad  of  prosperity 
and  success  with  bodies  untainted  by 
disease,  with  hearts  in  which  faith  and  the 
consciousness  of  divine  approval  dwell, 
with  minds  open  to  conviction  of  truth 
and  untrammelled  by  dogmas  or  super- 
stitions that  clog  progressive  thought 
and  fill  the  soul  with  fear.  We  love 
and  honor  our  parents,  who  have  thus 
provided  in  our  childhood  for  our  welfare 
in  active  life. 


Now,  therefore,  in  duty  to  them  and 
ourselves,  having  the  continued  peace 
and  prosperity  of  our  Territory  at  heart 
and  valuing  liberty  and  the  rights  of 
conscience  above  life,  we,  the  young  men 
of  Utah,  earnestly  remonstrate  against 
the  calumnies  and  misrepresentations  of 
unprincipled  men,  who  would  have  the 
world  believe  that  we  are  curtailed  in  the 
enjoyment  of  American  freedom  and  fet- 
tered in  chains  forged  by  priestly  fana- 
tics. 

We  deny  that  undue  influence  is  ex- 
ercised by  any  authority  over  our  thoughts 
or  actions. 

We  deny  that  duty  to  our  religion  and 
to  our  country  leads  us  in  opposite  direc- 
tions, or  that  it  can  possibly  do  so  while 
the  charter  of  American  liberty  remains 
the   supreme  law. 

We  deny  that  the  religious  institution 
of  plural  marriage,  as  practised  by  our 
parents,  and  to  which  many  of  us  owe 
our  existence,  debases,  pollutes,  or  in  any 
way  degrades  those  who  enter  into  it. 
On  the  contrary  we  solemnly  affirm,  and 
challenge  successful  contradiction,  that 
plural  marriage  is  a  sacred  religious 
ordinance  and  that  its  practice  has 
given  to  thousands  honorable  names  and 
peaceful  homes,  where  Christian  precepts 
and  virtuous  practices  have  been  uniform- 
ly inculcated  and  the  spirit  of  human 
liberty  and  religious  freedom  fostered 
from   the  cradle  to  maturity. 

In  consideration  of  these  facts,  and  in 
the  name  of  justice  we  hereby  solemnly 
memorialize  your  honorable  body  to  re- 
frain from  enacting  laws  that  reflect  upon 
the  marital  relations  of  our  parents,  and 
that,  however  specific  the  provisions  to 
the  contrary,  stigmatize  us  in  the  opinion 
of  the  world;  to  refrain  from  enacting 
laws  that  will  enslave  a  large  proportion 
of  the  citizens  of  our  Territory,  that  will 
gall  and  fret  the  spirit  of  liberty  which 
we  inherit  and  are  bound  to  entertain 
and  that  will  take  from  us,  for  no  offense, 
the  privileges  and  blessings  of  local  free 
government,  so  necessary  to  the  happi- 
ness and  well  being  of  an  American 
community. 

We  ask  you  to  secure  to  us  the  rights 
the  liberties  and  the  blessings  of  freemen 


156 


IN  MEMORIAM. 


and  to  pause  before  foisting  upon  us 
an  unrepublican  government,  placing 
strangers,  by  appointment,  to  rule  over 
us,  and  sacrificing  the  interests,  the  feel- 
ings, the  happiness  and  freedom  of  the 
great  majority  of  the  citizens  of  our 
Territory  to  the  greed  and  cupidity  of  a 
reckless  minority;  and  your  petitioners 
as  in  duty  bound  will  ever  pray. 

To  the  Honorable  the  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives  in  Congress 
Assembled: 

Whereas,  Certain  bills  are  now  pending 
before  your  honorable  body,  which,  if 
passed,  will  break  up  happy  homes  and 
families  and  produce  untold  misery, 
sorrow  and  suffering;  will  deprive  us  of 
the  kind,  fostering  care  of  honorable, 
upright,  God-fearing  fathers,  and  drive 
forth  our  precious,  loving  mothers  as 
outcasts ;  as  those  who  have  no  right  to 
the  honored  name  of  wife,  and  also  cast 
opprobrium  upon  many  of  us  as  illegiti- 
mate; and, 

Whereas,  The  passage  of  such  bills 
would  deprive  our  fathers,  mothers  and 
brothers  (and  ourselves,  when  properly 
qualified)  of  the  right  of  franchise,  and, 
in  fact,  of  all  the  rights  of  American 
citizens,  debarring  us  of  the  free  exercise 
of  our  holy  religion,  which  is  dearer  to 
us  than  life  itself;  and  would  be  contrary 
to  the  spirit  of  the  glorious  Constitution 
of  our  country,  which  we  have  ever  been 
taught  to  revere  as  an  inspiration  from 
Almighty  God:  for  we  have  been  taught, 
and  conscientiously  believe  that  plural 
marriage  is  as  much  a  part  of  our  religion, 
as  are  faith,  repentance  and  baptism;  and, 


Whereas,  In  our  opinion,  the  cause  of 
the  introduction  of  such  bills  has  been 
the  false  representations  of  evil  disposed 
persons,  who  assert  we  are  low,  ignorant, 
degraded  and  disloyal;  and,  feeling 
assured  that,  had  your  honorable  body 
been  truthfully  advised  in  regard  to  the 
people  of  this  Territory,  such  bills  would 
never  have  obtained  a  hearing  in  the 
Congress  of  this  mighty  nation; 

Now,  therefore,  we,  the  young  ladies 
of  Utah  Territory,  do  most  solemnly 
and  truthfully  declare  that  neither  we  nor 
our  mothers  are  held  in  bondage,  but 
that  we  enjoy  the  greatest  possible 
freedom  socially  and  religiously;  that 
our  homes  are  happy  ones,  and  we  are 
neither  low  nor  degraded;  for  the 
principles  of  purity,  virtue,  integrity  and 
loyalty  to  the  government  of  the  United 
States  have  been  instilled  into  our  minds 
and  hearts  since  our  earliest  childhood. 

According  to  what  we  read,  and  can 
learn  from  other  sources,  in  no  place  in 
the  world  is  female  chastity  and  virtue 
guarded  with  more  jealous  care  than  by 
our  people ;  for  we  have  been  taught  and 
do  understand  that  this  is  our  greatest 
boon;  far  above  jewels  or  wealth,  and 
more  precious  than  life  itself;  and  we 
therefore  most  respectfully  memorialize 
your  honorable  body  to  suspend  further 
action  on  all  bills  relating  to  Utah,  and 
send  a  commission  of  honorable,  intelli- 
gent, and  unprejudiced  men  and  women 
to  inquire  into,  and  learn  the  true  state 
of  affairs  in   this  Territory; 

And  as  in  duty  bound,your  memorialists 
will  ever  pray. 


IN    MEMORIAM. 


ELIZABETH    ANN   WHITNEY. 

With  heartfelt  grief,  we  chronicle  the 
death  of  our  beloved  friend  and  coun- 
selor, Mother  Whitney.  Of  all  women, 
none  were  purer  or  better;  among  the 
first  to  embrace  the  everlasting  Gospel, 
and  always  faithful  and  true  to  the  prin- 
ciples, she,  in  her  early  youth,  had 
espoused.  Oftentimes  has  it  been  said, 
and  truly  said,  Mother  Whitney  is  more 


like  an  angel  from  heaven  than  a  crea- 
ture of  this  earth;  her  influence  and 
spirit  were  so  beautiful,  that  to  be  near 
her,  seemed  nearer  heaven;  her  charac- 
ter was  the  gentlest  and  noblest  of 
womankind,  always  cheerful  and  hope- 
ful in  the  darkest  and  dreariest  scenes ; 
never^despairing  nor  complaining;  she 
had  always  a  word  of  rest  for  the  weary, 
comfort  for  the  heartsick,  and   possessed 


IN  MEMORIAM. 


157 


the  power  of  consoling  others  to  such 
an  extent,  that  she  was  often  called  the 
"comforter." 

This  great  and  noble  woman  has  now 
left  this  earth  and  gone  to  a  brighter 
realm,  where  she  will  receive  the  reward 
for  all  her  good  deeds  here  on  earth. 
She  was  gifted  in  language  and  exceed- 
ingly attractive  in  person;  her  coun- 
tenance ever  seemed  to  shine  with  the 
light  of  the  Holy  Spirit;  her  soul  was 
one  of  those  bright  and  shining  lights 
that  seem  to  make  heaven  more  beauti- 
ful by  their  presence. 

Mother  Whitney  was  born  in  the  be- 
ginning of  the  present  century,  Decem- 
ber 26,  1800,  in  Derby,  New  Haven 
County,  Connecticut;  her  parents  were 
Gibson  and  Polly  Bradley  Smith.  The 
Smith's  was  one  of  the  oldest  fami- 
lies in  the  country.  She  was  the  eldest 
child,  and  her  youth  was  a  perfect 
springtime  of  love  and  happiness.  When 
eighteen  years  of  age,  she  accompanied 
a  maiden  aunt  to  Ohio,  and  as  she  after- 
wards decided  to  remain  there,  it  so 
happened  that  she  never  saw  her  dear 
mother  again.  Early  in  her  sojourn  in 
Ohio,  she  became  acquainted  with  a 
young  and  prosperous  merchant,  Newel 
K.  Whitney,  to  whom  she  was  afterwards 
married,  October  20,  1822,  in  Kirtland, 
where  they  made  their  future  home. 

Both  she  and  her  husband  became 
members  of  the  Campbellite  church,  but 
although  they  revered  this  faith,  they 
still  sought  for  something  better.  They 
believed  in  the  laying  on  of  hands  and  in 
the  gifts  of  the  spirit,  but  no  one  having 
authority  in  their  church  to  confer  those 
gifts,  they  prayed  to  the  Lord  for  the 
Holy  Spirit,  such  as  they  read  of  the 
ancients  having  received.  While  they 
were  praying  together  a  cloud  seemed  to 
rest  over  the  house,  the  walls  vanished 
and  it  seemed  as  if  they  were  out  in  the 
open  air.  The  cloud  covered  them  and 
they  felt  the  spirit  of  the  Lord  upon 
them,  while  a  solemn  awe  pervaded  them 
and  they  heard  a  voice  saying,  "Prepare 
ye  to  receive  the  word  of  the  Lord,  for 
it  is  coming."  Soon  after  this  the  Gos- 
pel was  brought  to  Kirtland  by  Parley 
P.  Pratt,  and  both  she  and  her  husband 


were  baptized  and  confirmed,  Novem- 
ber 1830.  Their  home  was  a  place  of  rest 
for  the  elders;  and  Joseph  Smith,  the 
prophet,  made  it  his  home  when  he  first 
came  to  Kirtland,  and  an  everlasting  love 
and  friendship  was  formed  between  the 
two  families. 

Often  afterwards  in  the  hours  of  trial 
and  persecution  did  the  Prophet  find  re- 
fuge, comfort  and  solace  under  their  roof. 
I  remember  when  very  young  of  hearing 
her  relate  a  little  incident  illustrating 
the  power  of  and  the  faith  that  she  al- 
ways had  in  children's  prayers.  One 
night  when  the  mob  were  in  search 
of  the  Prophet,  and  he  had  taken  re- 
fuge in  her  home,  the  little  children 
gathered  in  one  of  the  rooms  and 
prayed,  as  they  often  did,  that  the 
Prophet  might  be  unmolested  and  rest 
there  in  ]  peace.  They  all  knelt  down 
and  prayed  earnestly  to  the  Lord  and 
said  they  could  not  rise  until  they  had  a 
testimony.  Very  soon  one  of  the  child- 
ren rose  from  her  knees  saying  "I  have 
the  spirit,  brother  Joseph  will  be  safe." 
The  Prophet  and  Brother  and  Sister 
Whitney  had  been  standing  at  the  door 
and  when  Joseph  heard  this,  he  turned 
to  Bishop  Whitney  and  said,  while  his 
eyes  were  filled  with  tears:  "You  need 
not  hide  me  to-night,  I  will  be  per- 
fectly safe."  What  a  beautiful  humble 
spirit  is  manifested  in  these  few  words. 
This  is  only  one  of  many  like  manifes- 
tations to  the  children  in  those  days. 
Joseph  delighted  in  little  children  and 
had  more  faith  in  their  sweet  humble 
prayers  than  in  any  others.  Mother  Whit- 
ney was  one  of  the  first  women  who  ever 
had  her  endowments,  and  among  the 
first  who  ever  officiated  in  a  temple,  she 
was  the  very  first  to  officiate  in  the 
house  of  the  Lord  in  this  city,  where 
she  continued  to  labor  until  her  health 
would  no  longer  permit.  She  has  blessed 
thousands    of    the   daughters   of    Zion. 

Mother  Whitney  had  one  of  the  sweet- 
est and  most  pathetic  voices  in  the  world, 
often  in  days  of  persecution  when  the 
Prophet  Joseph  was  sorrowful,  cast  down 
and  weary,  he  would  ask  her  to  sing  to 
him  that  he  might  forget  his  grief. 
When  the  gift  of  tongues  was  given   to 


158 


IN  MEMORIAM. 


her,  her  spirit  burst  forth  in  hymns  of  re- 
joicing and  songs  of  praise.  She  has 
always  at  times  exercised  this  gift  until 
the  time  of  her  death.  The  Prophet 
promised  this  rare  gift  should  never 
leave  her  if  she  was  wise  in  the  exercise 
thereof,  and  if  she  remained  true  to  her 
covenants.  He  also  said  that  it  was  the 
pure  Adamic  language,  that  which  was 
spoken  in  the  garden  of  Eden.  If  all 
the  hymns  and  poems  were  written  as 
they  were  interpreted  at  the  time  when 
she  sang  them,  they  would  make  a 
beautiful  volume. 

In  1838,  Sister  Whitney  left  her  home 
and  was  intending  to  go  to  Missouri,  but 
in  consequence  of  the  persecutions  there, 
she  was  obliged  to  stay  in  Carleton, 
Illinois.  Many  of  her  friends,  when  she 
left  Kirtland,  never  expected  she  could 
live  through  such  a  journey,  and  it  was 
only  by  her  unbounded  faith  in  God  that 
she  was  enabled  to  do  so.  She  stayed 
in  Carleton  that  year,  while  her  husband 
went  back  to  Kirtland  on  business,  and 
was  left  entirely  alone  with  a  family  of 
little  children;  her  oldest  son,  then 
eighteen  years  of  age,  taught  school,  and 
helped  to   support  the  family. 

In  the  spring  of  1839,  Bishop  Whitney 
and  family  went  up  to  Commerce.  In 
Nauvoo,  Mother  Whitney  endured  all 
that  it  was  possible  for  anyone  to  endure, 
but  was  always  cheerful  and  happy 
through  it  all.  When  the  Relief  Society 
was  organized  by  Joseph  Smith  in 
Nauvoo,  Mother  Whitney  was  chosen 
as  first  counselor  to  the  president,  Emma 
Smith.  She  crossed  the  Mississippi 
River  on  the  ice  with  a  family  of  small 
children,  when  the  Saints  were  driven 
from  Nauvoo;  she  was  -  the  mother  of 
eleven  children,  six  now  living;  she  had 
thirty-two  grandchildren  and  thirteen 
great-grandchildren;  her  two  oldest 
sons,  Horace  and  Orson,  were  among 
the  Pioneers  of  1847.  Their  father  and 
the  family  came  to  the  valley  with  Heber 
C.  Kimball's  company  in  1848.  Bishop 
Whitney  died  in  1850. 

Mother  Whitney  died  February  15, 
1882,  at  ten  minutes  past  two  p.m.,  at 
the  residence  of  her  son-in-law,  Isaac 
Groo,  in  this  city,  after  an  illness  of  four 


weeks;  she  lived  to  finish  her  work  here 
on  earth,  and  was  ready  and  willing  to 
be  gathered  home  to  the  Savior's  bosom. 
Oh  that  we  might  all  live  a  life  as  pure 
and  sinless!  That  when  we  are  called  to 
go,  we  may  say  as  she  did,  "The 
Lord's  time  is  the  best  time,"  and  "I 
want  to  suffer  all  that  I  ought  to  suffer." 

Louie  Wells. 


There  is  a  fable  among  the  Hindoos 
that  a  thief,  having  been  detected  and 
condemned  to  die,  happily  hit  on  an 
expedient  which  gave  him  hope  of  life. 
He  sent  for  the  jailor  and  told  him  he  had 
a  secret  of  great  importance  which  he  de- 
sired to  impart  to  the  king,  and  when 
this  had  been  done  he  would  be  prepared 
to  die.  After  receiving  this  piece  of  in- 
telligence the  king  ordered  the  culprit  to 
be  conducted  to  his  presence,  and 
demanded  of  him  to  know  his  secret. 
The  culprit  replied  that  he  knew  the 
secret  of  causing  a  tree  to  grow  which 
would  bear  fruit  of  pure  gold.  The 
experiment  might  be  easily  tried,  and  his 
majesty  would  not  lose  the  opportunity. 
The  king,  accompanied  by  his  prime 
minister,  his  courtiers  and  his  chief  priest 
went  with  the  thief  to  a  spot  selected  near 
the  city  wall,  where  the  latter  performed 
a  series  of  incantations.  This  done,  the 
condemned  man  produced  a  piece  of  gold, 
and  declared  that  if  it  should  be  planted, 
it  would  produce  a  tree,  every  branch  of 
which  would  bear  gold. 

"But,"  he  added,  "this  must  be  put  into 
the  ground  by  a  hand  that  has  never  been 
stained  by  a  dishonest  act.  My  hand  is 
not  clean;  therefore  I  pass  it  to  your 
majesty." 

The  king  took  the  piece  of  gold,  but 
hesitated.  Finally  he  said:  "I  remem- 
ber in  my  younger  days,  that  I  often 
filched  money  from  my  father's  treasury 
which  was  not  mine.  I  have  repented 
of  the  sin,  but  yet  I  hardly  dare  to  say 
my  hand  is  clean.  I  pass  it  to  my  prime 
minister." 

The  prime  minister,  after  a  brief  con- 
sideration, answered:  "It  were  a  pity 
to  break  the  charm  through  a  possible 
blunder.  I  receive  taxes  from  the 
people,  and,  as  I  am  exposed  to  a  great 


ASSOCIATION  INTELLIGENCE. 


159 


many  temptations,  how  can  I  be  sure 
that  I  have  been  always  perfectly 
honest?  I  must  give  it  to  the  governor 
of  the  citadel." 

"No,no!"  cried  the  governor,  drawing 
back.  "Remember  that  I  have  the  serv- 
ing out  of  pay  and  provisions  to  the 
soldiers.     Get  the  high  priest  to  plant  it." 

The  priest  said:  "You  forget  that  I 
have  the  collecting  of  tithes;  and  the 
disbursements  for  sacrifices." 

The  thief  exclaimed  at  length:  "Your 


majesty,  I  'think  it  were  better  for 
society  that  all  five  of  us  should  be 
hanged,  since  it  appears  that  not  an  hon- 
est man  can  be  found  among  us." 

In  spite  of  the  lamentable  exposure, 
the  king  laughed;  and  so  pleased  was 
he  with  the  thiefs  cunning  expedient, 
that  he  at  once  granted  him  a  pardon. 


None  so  poor  as   he  that  feels  poor. 
A  stingy  man  cannot  be  a  happy  one. 


ASSOCIATION    INTELLIGENCE. 


QUARTERLY   CONFERENCE. 

The  ccnference  of  the  Y.  M.  M.  I.  A., 
of  Salt  Lake  Stake  was  held  in  the 
Assembly  Hall,  Sunday,  January  22, 
1882.  Superintended  Joseph  H.  Felt, 
presiding.  It  was  the  first  conference  of 
the  kind  held  in  the  city,  to  which  the 
whole  day  was  devoted.  Eighteen  of 
the  city  and  four  of  the  county  associa- 
tions had  representatives  present. 

The  morning  exercises  were  com- 
menced by  singing,  and  prayer  by  Elder 
George  Goddard,  and  consisted  of  the 
reading  of  the  minutes  of  the  previous 
conference,  and  of  a  statistical  and 
financial  report,  and  addresses  by  Supt. 
Felt,  Sisters  E,  S.  Taylor,  Mary  Freeze, 

E.  B.  Wells  and  Elder  J.  H.  Moyle,  all 
of  whose  remarks  were  excellent,  touch- 
ing upon  the  improvement  which  had 
been  accomplished  through  the  associa- 
tions, and  also  the  great  work  yet  to  be 
done  in  educating  the  young  people  at 
home  in  the  principles  of  the  Gospel. 

The  General  and  Stake  officers  were 
presented  and  unanimously  sustained. 
The  Stake  officers  as  follows:  Joseph 
H.  Felt,  Superintendent;  George  C. 
Lambert  and  John  W.  Taylor,  Counsel- 
ors, John  A.  Evans,  Secretary;  Rudger 
Clawson,  Treasurer. 

At  the  afternoon  meeting  highly  in- 
teresting remarks  were  made  by  Presi- 
dents Wilford  Woodruff,  Joseph  F.  Smith 
and  John  Taylor,  in  the  order  named. 
They  were  followed   by   Elders   Junius 

F.  Wells,  Royal  B.  Young  and  Rodney 


C.  Badger,  each  of  whom  bore  testi- 
mony of  the  truth  of  the  Gospel  and 
proclaimed  in  behalf  of  the  youth  of 
Zion  that  they  would  follow  in  the  foot- 
steps of  their  parents. 

The  proceedings  of  the  two  meetings 
were  extremely  interesting,  and  all  felt 
that  a  time  of  great  benefit  had  been 
enjoyed,  and  expressed  the  hope  that  the 
conferences  in  the  future  might  be  ex- 
tended over  the  whole  day,  allowing  suf- 
ficient time  for  reports  of  officers  and 
the  imparting  of  needful  instructions. 
The  exercises  were  reported  in  full  by 
the  secretary,  but  are  too  lengthy  for 
insertion.  The  conference  adjourned 
subject  to  the  call  of  the  Stake  Superin- 
tendency. 

ANSWERS    TO   QUESTIONS. 

i.  To  open  a  northwest  passage  from 
Europe  to  the  East  has  been  an  object 
of  Arctic  explorations.  The  possibility 
of  a  new  continent  occupied  by  the  lost 
tribes  of  Israel  has  lent  great  interest  to 
researches,  and  the  proximity  of  the 
Pole  to  inhabited  countries  has  made  it 
more  approachable.  On  the  other  hand 
the  south  pole  is  removed  by  almost  a 
hemisphere  of  water  and  ice  from  the 
civilized  or  inhabited  world,  navigation 
is  impossible  for  many  degrees  farther 
from  the  pole,  and  it  lacks  the  features 
of  utility  or  interest  which  scientists 
attach  to  the  frozen  north.  N  E. 

2.  On  the  continent  of  America, 
there  were  anciently  three  distinct  colon- 


i6o 


A  SSO  CIA  TION    INTELLIGENCE. 


ies,  namely  the  Jaredites,  the  Nephites 
and  a  colony  led  out  from  Jerusalem  by 
Mulek,  in  the  eleventh  year  of  the  reign 
of  Zedekiah.  Book  of  Omni,  I,  14.  The 
twenty-second  and  twenty-third  verses  of 
the  seventeenth  chapter  of  Isaiah  read 
as  follows:  "Thus  saith  the  Lord,  God,  I 
will  also  take  of  the  highest  branch  of  the 
high  cedar,  and  will  set  it;  I  will  crop  off 
from  the  top  of  his  young  twigs  a  tender 
one,  and  will  plant  it  upon  an  high 
mountain  and  eminent  in  the  mountain 
of  the  height  of  Israel  will  I  plant  it ;  and 
it  shall  bring  forth  boughs  and  bear  fruit, 
and  be  a  goodly  cedar;  and  under  it 
shall  dwell  all  fowl  of  every  wing,  in 
the  shadow  of  its  branches  thereof  shall 
they  dwell." 

Apostle  Orson  Pratt,  in  his  pamphlet 
on  the  Divine  Authenticity  of  the  Book 
of  Mormon,  applying  this  passage  to  the 
migration  of  the  colony  above  men- 
tioned, says:  "By  reading  this  chapter  it 
will  be  seen  that  the  Jews  were  the 
"high  cedar,"  that  Zedekiah  the  king 
was  the  "highest  branch,"  that  the 
"tender  one"  cropped  off  from  the  top 
of  his  young  twigs,  was  one  of  his  sons, 
whom  the  Lord  brought  out  and  planted 
with  his  company  upon  the  choice  land 
of  America,  which  he  had  given  unto  a 
remnant  of  the  tribe  of  Joseph  for  an 
inheritance,  in  fulfilment  of  the  blessings 
of  Jacob  and  Moses  upon  the  head  of 
that  tribe." 

This  company  of  Mulek's  settled, 
as  is  supposed,  in  the  northern  part  of 
south  America,  and  took  upon  them- 
selves the  name  of  Zarahemla,  and  also 
applied  that  name  to  their  country. 
They  were  discovered  some  centuries 
later  by  the  Nephite  king  Mosiah  in  his 
northward  wanderings,  in  search  of  an 
asylum  where  he  and  his  people  might 
rest  secure  from  the  persecutions  of  their 
brethren,  the  Lamanites.  Having  brought 
with  them  no  records,  the  people  of 
Zarahemla  were  in  a  state  of  gross  ignor- 
ance and  infidelity;  and  it  was  to  them 
a  source  of  great  joy  when  they  learned 
from  king  Mosiah  that  he  was  in  posses- 
sion of  the  records  of  their  forefathers, 
the  Jews. 

Through  the  teachings  of  Mosiah  they 


united  with  the  church  and  afterwards 
chose  him  to  be  their  king.  Thus  was 
brought  about  a  union  which  was  per- 
petual, resulting  in  a  mixture  on  this 
continent  of  the  blood  of  Judah  and  o 
Joseph.     Book  of  Omni,  1,  19. 

During  the  succeeding  centuries  there 
remained  but  two  kingdoms — the  Ne- 
phites and  the  Lamanites;  the  latter 
sworn  to  eternal  enmity;  the  former  to 
unceasing  vigilance. 

Through  the  preaching  of  the  disciples 
of  Christ  (who  had  appeared  to  the  peo- 
ple on  this  continent  after  His  crucifix- 
ion,) the  entire  people,  both  Nephites  and 
Lamanites  were  converted  to  the  Chris- 
tian faith,  the  former  still  comprising  the 
two  families  of  Nephi  and  Mulek.  They 
married  and  intermarried  with  each  other, 
and  lived  during  the  next  two  centuries, 
in  a  state  of  perfect  happiness  and  peace. 
In  this  way  came  the  mixture  of  the 
blood  of  these  three  nations,  of  whom 
the  American  Indians  are  descendants. 
Hence  they  are  not  exclusively  the  seed 
of  Joseph,  but  there  is  also  among  them 
a  "remnant  of  the  Jews." 

Zechariah  Ballantyne. 

QUESTIONS   TO   ANSWER. 

i.  Of  what  tribe  of  Israel  was  Ishmael 
who  left  Jerusalem  with  Lehi  and  com- 
pany? 

2.  Was  baptism  required  of  the  Church 
before  the  advent  of  the  Savior  upon  the 
earth  ? 

3.  In  the  seventh  chapter  of  Revela- 
tions, why  is  the  tribe  of  Dan  omitted 
and  that  of  Manassah  inserted? 

J.  H.  D. 

• 

"Rannie's  English  Constitution,"  is  a 
small  book  on  the  history  of  that  great 
instrument,  showing  its  gradual  growth 
from  the  remotest  times.  It  is  expressly 
designed  for  beginners  in  the  study  of 
constitutional  history.  It  claims  that 
constitutions,  which  are  the  result  of 
the  experience  of  ages,  are  accepted 
generally  as  the  best,  and  shows  that 
the  English  constitution  having  thus 
come  into  existence,  is  the  standard  and 
of  modern  constitutional  governments. 
For  sale  at  James  Dwyer's,  Salt  Lake 
City. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


fiUSTATESWS  DOUBLE  ACTION 

Life-Lasting  Hobbles 

AND 

Patent  Nose  Sachs. 


$50 
50 
25 


tyK GIVEN  AWAY 
I J   TO  CUSTOMERS 

As  follows: 

Concord  Harness. 
Buggy  Harness. 
Buccara  Saddle. 

G.  (/.  GUST  AVE  SON. 

66  and  68  Second  South  St.,  Salt  Lake  City. 


ie  is 

FURNITURE 


Hew  and  Second  Hand, 
■V23JFLY     CHEAP 


Call  and  see 


L  P+  SORENSOK  k  C0M 

16    MAIN    ST.       3  Doors  South  of  Temple  Block. 


rran  Bros 


i! 


123, 125, 127, 129, 131 

Salt  Lake  City, 

FURNITURE 


,  etc., 


i,  etc. 

il  U  PH  0  LSTERT ! 

Children's  Carriages  and  Boys'  Wagons. 


filial 


ft*j 


SPECIALTY  IN 


LADIES'  and  GENT'S 


IB  BLOV 


Id 


Lmil: 


NOVELTIES   IN 


Neckwear, 

Handkerchiefs, 

Hosiery, 
Embroidery 

and  Laces. 


VJSiftSfffl?/}  Salt  Lake  Citv,  Utah, 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


H.   B.  CLAWSON, 

Dealer  in  Wool,  Hides,  Pelts,  Furs,  elc,  Agri- 
cultural Implements  of  all  kinds,  Steel  Hot- 
torn  Kcnipeis, Victor  Cane  Mills,  James  Lef- 
fel's  Turbine  Wheels,  Kconomy  Portable  Hay 
Press,  Machine  Extras,  Spring  Wagons,  Kami 
Wagons,  Hazard  Powder,  Glidden's  Steel 
Baru  Fence  Wire,  Farm  and  Church  Hells, 
Kennedy's  celebrated  Sheep  Dip.  Goods  not 
in  Stock  ordered  on  Commission  when  de- 
sired.   1212  and  1210  South  Temple  Street. 


ELIAS  MORRIS, 

BUTE  AND  MONUMENTAL  MASONS, 

PLASTER  OF  PARIS  MANUFACTURERS, 

BUILDERS  &   CONTKACTOES; 


P.  0.  Box,  1065, 


SALT  LAKE  CITY. 


DAVID   JAMES, 

PLUMBER,  TINNER,   GAS  AND  STEAM 

FITTER.     WATER  PIPES 

LAID  TO  ORDER. 

DEALER  IN  PUMPS,  HOSE  AND  IRON  PIPES, 

AND    SHEET   LEAD. 

Office  and  Work  Shop,  67  and  69  Main  Street. 


No.  1237 

1st  .South  St., 


No.    62 
2nd  South  St, 


WHITE  &  SONS 


Proprietors 


Have  always  on  hand  the 

CHOICEST    OF   MEATS 

IN    SEASON. 

PORK    AND    BEEF    SAUSAGES, 

BOL'OG  :tr  ^. , 

And  all  kinds  of  . 
DEIED      Zkdl  E  .A.  I1'  S . 


All  orders  entrusted  to  our  care 
promptly  delivered. 


F.   AU 

In  their  New  3  Story  Building, 


•> 


124  and  126  East  Temple  Street. 


Announce  that  they  now  carry  the  Largest  and  Best  Stocks  mentioned  in  the  various  Depart- 
ments, ever  shown  west  of  Chicago. 

DRESS    GOODS    .-DEPARTMENT: 

Replete  with  Brocades,  Silks,  Satins,  French  Plaids,  etc.     Mostly  of  our  own  direct  importa- 
tion from  European  Markets. 

DOMESTIC   AND  HOUSE   FURNISHING  DEP'T: 

Barnsley  Table  Damasks,  Table  and  Piano  Covers,  Towels,  Napkins,  etc.,  etc. 

BOOT  AND  SHOE  DEP'T: 

Ladies'  and  Children's  Shoes  and  Slippers  of  the  best  make;   Gents'  and  Boys'  Boots,  Gaiters 
and  Alexis  Ties. 

CLOAK  AND  SHAWL  DEP'T: 
Cloaks  and  Shawls,  Stylish  and  Cheap.     French  Ulsters,  Satin  Skirts  and  Knit  Goods  of  every 
description. 

CLOTHING    AND   GENERAL   FURNISHING   DEP'T: 
Gents'  and  Children's  Suits,  Ulsters,  Overcoats,  White  Shirts,  Underwear,  Hats,  etc. 
HOSIERY   AND   FANCY   GOODS   DEP'T: 
Abounds  in  all  novelties  in  Silk,  Cashmere,  Balbrigan  and  Domestic  Hosiery,  Laces,  Fringes, 
Silk  and  Cambric  Handkerchiefs.    Corsets,  thirty  styles,  etc. 

WHOLESALE   BUYERS, 

Will  find  our  Stock  Larger  than  ever,  better  displayed  and  at  prices  to  compete  with  Eastern  or 
Western  Markets.     MILLINERY  in  all  its  branches,  at  Wholesale  only. 


Orders  from  sit  is  and  adjoining  Territories  and  States  Solicited,  and  honorably 
treatment  Guaranteed. 

E\  ATJEEBACH    6z    ZB^OTIEaCIEIR, 

ESTABLISHED     1864. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


»l    ,  '       i 


^     PIAXTO0»      #»©AKi_ 

^    Violins,  Accoribis,  Guitars,  Flutes,  Banjos,  Brass  nsttMtnts,  Drums,    ^~; 

^1  And  all  kinds  of 

T/*\       Musical  Instruments,  Mnsie,  Music  Hooka,  Strings  and  rilling*', 

\il  AND  ^  ™ 

Best  and  Cheapest  at  L_-J 

^J  CARELESS'    &  GROXALL'S   MUSIC   HOUSE,  ^ 

^^  1234  First  South  Street,  Salt  Lake  City.  V^J 

I         1  SEISrr)    TQ-R    CATALOGUES.  9  -*• 

L,«  p.  J^ardy.  P.  fi.  Hardy 

HARDY    BROTHERS, 

successors   to   a.  id.   -yottsstg, 
dealers  in 

Staple  and  Fancy  km,  Dry  hols  and  lions. 

26  <Sc  2S  ^Lv£a,in  Street,  Opposite  13.  C.  1^/L.  I. 


EA.GKL 


SALT    LAKE    CITY, 


1 

-*  9 


Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealer  in 

Dry  Ms,  Groceries,  Boots,  Shoes,  Hardware,  Notions,  "    i! 


kinds  of 


ise 


BEST    HOUSE    FOR    FAMILY    SUPPLIES. 


S.    F.    TEASDEL, 


P.  0.  BOX.  352. 


East   Temple   Street 


AIN    WAGONS. 

A  full  stock  of  theseCelebrated  Wagons  always  on  hand;  they  are  the 
favorite  and  leading  wagons  in  Utah.  I  keep  a  full  stock  of  the 
Celebrated  Oliver  t!l»ille<1  Plows.  Casssulay  Sulky  and 
Moline  F*Bows,  also  a  full  line  of  Hardware  and  Wagon 
Material,  the  most  complete  selection  to  be  found  in  the  market. 
All  kinds  of 

Call  on  or  address:        HOWARD  SEBBEE,  Salt  Lake  and   Ogden,   Utah. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


C.  H. 


JCSSEJ] 


^S7 


The  Loading 


This  Institution  carries  in  its  Immense  Stock 
Complete  Lines  of 


GLASSWARE. 


CROCKERY. 


Mercantile 


Establishment 


CARPETS. 


BOOTS  and  SHOES. 


The  Public  are  cordially  invited  to  call  and 
inspect  our  goods. 


jjpHTlj 


in  the  West, 


*>y    SALT    LAKE    CITY,     UTAH,    f* 

'WILLIAM   JENNINGS,  Superintendent: 


0^ 

Suit 


CAPITAL,  $200,000. 


WM.  H.  HOOPER,  Presf., 


DIRECTORS: 

WILLIAM  JENNINGS, 


SURPLUS,  $125,000. 


H.  S.  ELDREDGE,   Vicc-P,est. 


L.  S.  HILLS,  Cashier,      FERAMORZ  LITTLE,     JOHN  SHARP,      N.  GROE5BECK. 


Office  akc  Yard. 
Corner  East  of  Theatre. 

R.    WARNOCK 


DEALS  IN 

Newton  Farm  Wagons. 

Johnson  Wrought  Iron  Mowers,  Bear  Cut. 

Johnson  Changeable  Sj)eed  Moivers,  Rear 

Cut. 
Johnson  Changeable  Speed  Mowers,  Front 

Cut. 
Johnson  Wrought  Iron  Reaper  and  Mower 

Combined. 
Johnson  Continental  Reaper,   Gne   Wheel. 
Weir  Sulky  and  Hand  Plows  all  sizes. 
Steel  and  Cast  Iron  Shares  for  all  sizes  of 

Ploius. 
Sulky  Hay  Rakes  different  kinds. 
Diamond  Cultivators,  Weir  Harroivs,  and 

other  Agricultural  Implements. 

All  Implements  warranted  to  be  first 
class.    • 

Send  for  price  lists  and  circulars. 


VOICE  *  WARNING, 


AND   ALL  THE 


Publications  of  the  Church  of  Jesus  Christ 
of  Latter-day  Saints, 


FOR  SALE  BY 


DESERET  NEWS   COMPANY, 


SALT    LAKE    CITY. 


insr 

SOLID 

WALNDT  FRAMES. 


OF 


PEICE 


$3  00  A  PAIR. 


Arr 


CONTRIBUTOR    OFFICE. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


JENNINGS  &  S 


HAVE  RECEIVED  FOR  THE 

Fall  and  Winter  Trade 


OF 


I 


HUB,  ETC., 


COOKING    STOVES, 

BISMARK    RANGES, 

HEATING    STOVES, 


-*--►•  ^  1 1   » 


A  COMPLETE  STOCK  OF 


imibm' 


uass 


At  the  JLi>west  Harket  jPrices. 


WM.  JENNINGS  &  SONS.